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CH. 15-2 URBAN LIFE

AMERICAN HISTORY. CH. 15-2 URBAN LIFE. AMERICAN CITIES CHANGE. Before industrialization, cities were compact Most buildings less than 4 stories Late 1800’s-cities ran out of building space Buildings started going high not wide “Early Skyscrapers” – p. 496

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CH. 15-2 URBAN LIFE

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  1. AMERICAN HISTORY CH. 15-2 URBAN LIFE

  2. AMERICAN CITIES CHANGE • Before industrialization, cities were compact • Most buildings less than 4 stories • Late 1800’s-cities ran out of building space • Buildings started going high not wide • “Early Skyscrapers” – p. 496 • Safety Elevator was invented by Elisha Otis • Mass transit allowed cities to expand • Working wealthy and middle class could work in the city but live in a quiet country estate

  3. The working poor could not afford to move out of the city • City parks were created to give city people a sense of the countryside • Frederick Law Olmsted is credited with creating Central Park in New York City and Emerald Necklace parks in Boston

  4. CLASS DIFFERENCES • THE WEALTHY • Rich people in the late 1800s earned their money from working in industry and business • Newly made rich people made it a habit to conspicuously display their wealth • 1870s – 1890s – called “The Gilded Age” • Affluent Americans lined 5th Avenue in NY with grand houses representing midieval palaces

  5. The oldest grandson of industrialist Cornelius Vanderbilt created a palatial summer home in Newport, RI • This “cottage” had 70 rooms • High society women read literature that outlined proper behavior for ladies and gentlemen • Some women stayed at home and some lent their time to social reform movements.

  6. THE WORKING CLASS • Many people lived in terrible poverty • Growing population kept wages down • Most people lived in cramped quarters • TENEMENTS—run-down apartment buildings • People living in tenements endured pollution and filth • Untimely deaths were common

  7. Tenements had no indoor plumbing • Water had to be hauled from an outdoor pump • Laundry was done by boiling water and then hanging the clothes on lines strung between buildings or in the kitchen • In addition to housekeeping, most women worked low-paying jobs outside the home

  8. THE SETTLEMENT HOUSE MOVEMENT • SETTLEMENT HOUSE- created in 1884 by London reformers where volunteers provided a variety of services to people in need • Immigrants were taught many skills • English language and job-training courses • Social activities, clubs, and sports were offered • Hull House—Chicago, founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Star in 1889

  9. Henry Street Settlement—New York City, founded by Lillian Wald • Locust Street Settlement—Hampton, VA, founded by Janie Porter Barrett—first settlement for African Americans • By 1910—400 settlement houses in U.S. cities • Most settlement house workers were middle-class, college-educated women

  10. Most workers in the settlements believed in the SOCIAL GOSPEL. • The idea that religious faith should be expressed through good works • Churches had a moral duty to help solve society’s problems • Social Darwinists disagreed, saying that existence was a competitive struggle in which only the fittest would survive

  11. William Graham Sumner—he said people were poor because of their own deficiencies • Social reforms could not help them • THE END

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