Series and Parallel Circuit Connections

1. Series and Parallel Circuit Connections GEMS Seminar 2 April 14, 2005 Presenter: Ana Maria

2. Topics of Discussion • Learn Basic Equations • Gather supplies and form groups. • Learn Series and hands on series connections. • Parallel connections and hands on parallel connections. • Applications Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

3. Basic Equations and their meaning • Ohms Law V = I*R • Voltage (V); Potential Difference. The drop that occurs once current passes through a resistor or system of resistors. • Current (I); The flow of electrons. Orderly movement of charged particles, creates current. • Resistance (R); Opposes the movement of current, and creates a voltage drop. Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

4. Closing the path • In order for current (electrons) to move in a orderly form we must create a path from them. • There are 2 types of paths, series and parallel connections. • You make these paths with wires, or any conducting material. • Pass the secret message activity Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

5. Conditions for this experiment Light emitting Diode- Photons • For purpose of this seminar we will model LED (light emitting Diodes) as resistors • We will calculate and assume ideal conditions • We also say that there is a 1.7 V drop with .015Amps • DO NOT Try this Without SUPERVISION!! (A responsible Adult) Resistor Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

6. Gather Supplies • Please start counting off. • Have one of your members be a supply person and ask Hanna or Bev for 16 Pieces of tape. • You must have 6 pieces of wire & a 9V battery. • Please don’t play with this until we ask you to!  Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

7. 1 type of connection. A Series Connection • Series connection have the same current, but have different voltage drops. • Its like you are touching the person’s hand next to you only once. • Try it and pretend the desk is the source. The paper is the current so pass it down. Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

8. Symbols V.S. RealityActivity of Wiring Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

9. 2nd Type of ConnectionParallel Connection • Parallel connections share the same voltage across each component. • Its like you are touching the person's hand twice. Try it! Node Node Node Node Node Node Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

10. Symbols V.S. RealityActivity of Wiring Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

11. Experiment Series Connection • 1st Do a Series connection • Keep in mind Polarity • Try twisting the wires around the LED legs. • Properties: Share the same current Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

12. Experiment Parallel Connection • 1st Do a parallel Connection • Keep in mind Polarity • Try twisting the wires around the LED legs. • Properties: Voltage in parallel are the same Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

13. Applications of LEDs and series connections. Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

14. Tying in Logic Gates with Electronic Circuits • Remember our Logic gates! • What type of connection makes an AND gate? • What type of connection makes an OR gate? http://www.technologystudent.com/elec1/dig2.htm Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

15. Tying in Logic Gates with Electronic Circuits • What type of connection makes an AND gate? • Its like a series connection requiring both connections to be closed in order to turn on the light • What type of connection makes an OR gate? • Its like a parallel connection requiring only one path (one connection) Presenter Ana Maria Aranda • http://www.technologystudent.com/elec1/dig2.htm

16. A little bit about a battery. • A battery has a positive (Anode) and negative (cathode) terminal and once you connect a load there is a path you create having the charged particles flow from (-) to (+) exact opposite of current flow. http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

17. How does a LED get its color? • Inside a LED there is a semiconductor chip that has a bad gap. • A electron will try to jump from one plate to another, when they do this they emit a photon, with a wavelength of a certain length. • Red lights come from a short distance between the material. • Yellow light comes from a larger band gap. Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

18. So where is the math? Series Connection. • We can calculate the series and Parallel resistance, voltage, current given at least 2 of the conditions. • Looking at the Series, we know that they share the same current, but there is a voltage has to be divided into each component. • To find the voltage, sum up all the resistors and multiply by the total current. Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

19. So where is the math? Parallel Connection. • Looking at the Parallel connection. They share the same voltage, but the current had to be shared and divided at each node. • To find the Voltage now. Sum up all the resistors. • Resistors in parallel summation rule • Use V = I*Req Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

20. Extended activity • Team up with another group and find out how many LED’s in series can you connect before they can’t light up any more. • Try it for the parallel Connection! Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

21. Pick up time! • Please organize your material. • Throw away the tape in the trash • At the ends of the table place the LEDs by color. And Stack the Batteries as well! • THANKS!!! Presenter Ana Maria Aranda

22. Next TIME! • Next week we will be doing applications using Squick. • Please finish the survey if you have not finished it.  • Please be reminded that we have feedback forms on our website for this workshop. • Till NEXT TIME 4:00 April 14th same place! Presenter Ana Maria Aranda