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Understanding Alcohol

Understanding Alcohol. ALCOHOL. Ethanol: psychoactive drug in alcoholic beverages. What are the 7 organs that are responsible for alcohol absorption and metabolization ?. The Path of Alcohol. Ethanol: psychoactive drug in alcoholic beverages. Path of Alcohol. MOUTH. STOMACH.

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Understanding Alcohol

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  1. Understanding Alcohol

  2. ALCOHOL Ethanol: psychoactive drug in alcoholic beverages

  3. What are the 7 organs that are responsible for alcohol absorption and metabolization?

  4. The Path of Alcohol Ethanol: psychoactive drug in alcoholic beverages Path of Alcohol MOUTH STOMACH SMALL INTESTINE HEART BRAIN LIVER KIDNEYS

  5. MOUTH Some alcohol is absorbed; 20-30% is broken down by alcohol dehydrogenase STOMACH

  6. Main site of alcohol absorption Blood Alcohol Concentration SMALLINTESTINE Amount of alcohol in the bloodstream HEART

  7. Depresses Central Nervous System (CNS) BRAIN ADH hormone – increases urine production

  8. Main site of alcohol metabolism 0.5 oz per hour LIVER One drink per hour 12oz beer = 5 oz wine = 1.5 oz liquor = = 1.5 oz. 80 proofliquor 12 oz. Beer 5 oz. Wine

  9. So, how does impairment occur? • Blood Alcohol Concentration - BAC • The amount of alcohol in a person’s bloodstream.

  10. Factors that influence BAC • Gender • Men v. Women • Alcohol Dehydrogenase • Body Fat • Body Composition/Weight • Metabolism • Time • Between drinks and cessation • Food content in the stomach

  11. Blood Alcohol Concentration • The amount of alcohol in a person’s bloodstream. Does a person’s tolerance effect their BAC? Tolerance does NOT effect BAC. BAC will continue to rise! With tolerance, the onset of physical characteristics of impairment may not directly correlate with BAC.

  12. Review Questions • List in order (7 structures/organs), the path that alcohol travels in the body from consumption to metabolization. • In ounces, how much is one drink? Include beer, wine, and liquor. • In ounces, how much alcohol is in one drink? • Extra Credit: A man and woman consume the same amount of alcohol. Based upon the general population, what are two reasons that the man may not be affected by the alcohol as much as the woman?

  13. BAC Charts http://www.ou.edu/oupd/bac.htm

  14. Alcohol Use and Abuse Conditions Impairment and Changes in Personality and Feelings Consequences of Long Term Use and Abuse Consequences of Single Use

  15. Alcohol Use and Abuse Conditions Impairment and Changes in Personality and Feelings Stroke and Brain Damage Cancer Cirrhosis of the liver Consequences of Long Term Use and Abuse Consequences of Single Use

  16. Consequences of Alcohol Use/Abuse • Depresses the immune system • Cirrhosis of the liver • Stroke • Cancer • Brain Damage

  17. Tolerance: needing more and more of a substance to get the same effect • So does tolerance affect BAC? • NO! If you drink, BAC is going to rise; however if you have a high tolerance, the onset of physical characteristics of intoxication may not directly correlate with a person’s BAC.

  18. MOUTH - Alcohol enters the body - Up to 5% of the alcohol is absorbed STOMACH • 20% of the alcohol is absorbed • 20-30% of alcohol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase • travels through the pyloric valve to the small intestine

  19. SMALL INTESTINE • The remainder of the alcohol is absorbed HEART • Pumps alcohol throughthe body • Blood vessels dilate

  20. BRAIN • Depresses the cerebral cortex • Pituitary gland releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and urine production increases

  21. LIVER • Metabolism occurs • Liver prioritizes the breakdown of alcohol over it’s normal functions. KIDNEYS • Excreted from the body as urine

  22. Review Questions • 1. What is the psychoactive drug found in all alcoholic beverages? • 2. List in order, the 7 “organs” through which alcohol passes from consumption to urine production. • 3. What organ is the main site of alcohol absorption? Metabolization? • 4. If a person drinks 2 oz. of alcohol in one hour, how long will it take the liver to break it down? Why

  23. Alcohol Poisoning • SYMPTOMS • Vomiting and nausea – 1st sign!!! • Large concentrations of alcohol will close the pyloric valve, trapping the alcohol in the stomach. The irritation will cause vomiting. • Loss of reflexes • Loss of consciousness; “passed out” • Pulse is weak and rapid • Breathing is unusual or irregular (fewer than 8 breaths per minute) • Skin is cool (possibly damp), pale or bluish • You can not wake the person

  24. Consequences of Alcohol Use/Abuse • Drunk Driving – Traffic Fatalities • Teenage pregnancy • Contributing factor to the top 3 causes of death among teens • Accidents • Suicide • Homicide

  25. Consequences of Alcohol Use/Abuse • Depresses the immune system • Cirrhosis of the liver • Stroke • Cancer • Brain Damage

  26. The Effects of Alcohol • In low doses, alcohol produces: • a relaxing effect • reduces tension • lowers inhibitions • impairs concentration • slows reflexes • impairs reaction time • reduces coordination

  27. The Effects of Alcohol • In medium doses, alcohol produces: • slurred speech • cause drowsiness • alter emotions

  28. The Effects of Alcohol • In high doses, alcohol produces: • vomiting • breathing difficulties • unconsciousness • coma

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