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Autotroph

Autotroph. Heterotroph. Food Web. Energy Flow. Energy Pyramids:. Habitats, Niches, and Community Interactions. 4.2: Pg. 90-93. Biotic and Abiotic Factors. Ecosystems are influenced by a combination of biological and physical factors Biotic Factors : the biological influences on organisms

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Autotroph

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  1. Autotroph Heterotroph

  2. Food Web

  3. Energy Flow

  4. Energy Pyramids:

  5. Habitats, Niches, and Community Interactions 4.2: Pg. 90-93

  6. Biotic and Abiotic Factors • Ecosystems are influenced by a combination of biological and physical factors • Biotic Factors: the biological influences on organisms • Abiotic Factors: Physical, or nonliving, factors • i.e. temp, precipitation, humidity, wind, nutrient availability, soil, sunlight, etc.

  7. Habitats and Niches • Habitat: the area where an organism lives. Includes both the biotic & abiotic factors • Niche: the full range of physical & biological conditions in which an organism lives & the way in which the organism uses those conditions

  8. Niche includes… • Place in the food web • Range of temp. organism needs to survive • Type of food organism eats • How it obtains food • Who uses the organism for food • Physical conditions required to survive • When & how organism reproduces

  9. Competitive Exclusion Principle • No two species can share a niche in the same habitat!!...example is the Warblers…

  10. Community Interactions • Community interactions, such as competition, predation, and various forms of symbiosis can powerfully affect an ecosystem.

  11. Competition • Competition: occurs when organisms of the same or different species attempt to use a resource at the same place and time. Trees in competition for light

  12. Predation • Predation: one organism captures and feeds on another Lynx and Hare

  13. Symbiosis • Symbiosis: Any relationship in which two species live closely together • Mutualism: both species benefit Clownfish and sea anemone Hummingbird and Flower

  14. Commensalism: one species benefits, other neither harmed nor helped Barnacles on a whale

  15. Parasitism: one organism lives in or in another & harms it A flea or tick feeds on the blood of its host and may also carry disease-causing microorganisms Mistletoe in a tree

  16. Characteristics of Populations5.1 pg. 119-122

  17. Characteristics of Populations are: • Geographic distribution (area inhabited by population) • Density • Growth rate • Age structure

  18. Factors that affect population size are: • Number of births • Number of deaths • Number of individuals that enter or leave population • Immigration – move in • Emigration – move out

  19. If a population has abundant space and food and is protected from predators & disease, then organisms will multiply and the population will increase.

  20. Exponential growth occurs when the individuals of a population reproduce at a constant rate. J-shaped Curve – Exponential growth Occurs under ideal conditions with unlimited resources (Has not reached its carrying capacity)

  21. S-shaped curve – Logistic Growth Populations are limited by space, food, etc. Carrying capacity – largest number of individuals that a given environment can support

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