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NYC Emergency Responders: An Analysis on FDNY Response Times

NYC Emergency Responders: An Analysis on FDNY Response Times. By: LT Jason McKeown & LT Annette Feliciano-Ramos. Agenda. Background Story/Problem Statement Network Model Method Formulation Results Analysis Conclusions. World Trade Center Attacks. FDNY Response 200+ Units

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NYC Emergency Responders: An Analysis on FDNY Response Times

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  1. NYC Emergency Responders: An Analysis on FDNY Response Times By: LT Jason McKeown & LT Annette Feliciano-Ramos

  2. Agenda • Background Story/Problem Statement • Network Model • Method • Formulation • Results • Analysis • Conclusions

  3. World Trade Center Attacks • FDNY Response • 200+ Units • Combined companies • First 3 Hours • 121 Engines (61%) • 62 Ladders (43%) • 27 Chiefs (47%) • Lead to management difficulties • City Wide Coverage Maintained • Avg Response time: 5.5min • FDNY Losses • 343 Fire Fighters • 98 Vehicles

  4. Problem Statement Evaluate fire department city wide response for a catastrophic high rise fire with the presence of degraded infrastructure.

  5. Why? • Construction is currently underway to build the new “One World Trade Center” building. • Creates a target for future, possibly more sophisticated, terrorist attacks. • Attacking infrastructure to impede emergency response is a possibility.

  6. FDNY Structure • New York City • Consists of 5 Boroughs • Manhattan • The Bronx • Brooklyn • Queens • Staten Island • Connected by bridge and tunnel network. • Brooklyn Bridge • JFK Bridge • Etc. • Emergency Response Strength • 15,870 Responders • 52 Battalions • 251 Stations • 198 Engines • 143 Ladders • FDNY Structure • Fire Commissioner (Civilian) • Overall authority in NYC • Chief of Department • Highest ranking fire fighter • Chief of Fire Operations • Responsible for fire fighting efforts throughout the city • Borough Chiefs • Responsible for fire fighting efforts in their respective Boroughs • Division Chief • Battalion Chief • Captain (Fire Station Commander)

  7. Network Model • Data • Avg Response Times • Fire House Locations • Fire House Capacities • http://nycopendata.socrata.com/ • Nodes (254) • Start Node • Fire Houses • Bridges • WTC (destination) • Edges (1289) • Start to Fire Houses • Fire House to Bridge Arcs • Bridge to Bridge Arcs

  8. Assumptions • Borough response times are homogenized. • FDNY response is contained within NYC boarders. • All non-attacked bridges are currently available for transit. • Responding Fire Houses utilize all resources available. • Response is instantaneous (no response lag).

  9. Bronx Manhattan Queens Brooklyn Staten Island

  10. Bronx Manhattan Staten Island Queens New York City Brooklyn

  11. Staten Island

  12. Staten Island

  13. Staten Island

  14. Brooklyn

  15. Williamsburg Bridge Manhattan Bridge Brooklyn Bridge Brooklyn

  16. Brooklyn

  17. Bronx Whitestone Bridge Throgs Neck Bridge Queens

  18. Bronx Whitestone Bridge Throgs Neck Bridge Queensborough Bridge Queens

  19. Bronx Whitestone Bridge Queens

  20. Bronx Throgs Neck Bridge Bronx Whitestone Bridge

  21. Bronx Throgs Neck Bridge Bronx Whitestone Bridge

  22. Bronx

  23. Manhattan

  24. Manhattan WTC

  25. Manhattan WTC

  26. New York City

  27. New York City Bridges to WTC

  28. Min Cost Flow • Purpose: Minimize the average response times of emergency responders given a prerequisite number of units. (ex: 50 Fire Stations Responding). • Attacks on the network are aimed at vital nodes that provide connections to other boroughs

  29. Manhattan Isolation(# attacks > # bridges) Manhattan contains 48 Fire Stations. Thus for a situation where 49 responders are required, FDNY Manhattan would be overwhelmed if they were to receive no outside assistance.

  30. Attacking the Network (49-198 Req’d) 15-16: Isolation of Manhattan 6-7: Isolation of Manhattan & The Bronx 4-5: Isolation of Manhattan, The Bronx, and Queens 3-4: Isolation of Manhattan, The Bronx, Queens, and Brooklyn. This also removes the need for Staten Island.

  31. Conclusions • To Overwhelm the FDNY • Requires another 9/11 type attack. • Massive response requires manpower and resources • Requires isolation of the borough • Level of sophistication would be very high • Would not go unnoticed • Extensive bridge network needs to be defeated.

  32. Future Research • Determine Fire Housedispatch procedures to determine individual node capacities. • Obtain actual list of dispatched Fire Houses and those that self-dispatched. Image credit: Joe WoolheadCourtesy of: Silverstein Properties Taken: September 08, 2011

  33. Questions

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