Spanish Kings and Queens Ferdinand and Isabella

1. Spanish Kings and QueensFerdinand and Isabella By Dennis and Abir

2. Government • Had to be Christian to be citizen • Ruled in kingdoms • Isabella- Kingdom of Castile • Ferdinand- Kingdom of Aragon • Heresy was crime that was often committed • Civil war between Castile and Aragon occurred before Isabella and Ferdinand married • Marriage brought peace between kingdoms A gibbetwas one of the forms of punishment for the committing of Heresy

3. Religion • Inquisition • Jews and Muslims forced to leave Spain • Out of 200,000 Jews, 150,000 left instead of converting to Christianity • Ones who converted to Christianity were still accused of heresy as well as tortured, punished, and killed • 2,000 executions from 1478- 1490 • Saying said that being a “true Spaniard” is close to being a “true Christian” • Isabella being a devote Roman Catholic understood that in a Christian state, there was one king, one law, one faith

4. Economy/Trade • Jews leaving as a result of inquisition limited the lending of money and Christians couldn’t do anything about it • Lead to a down fall in the economy • Christopher Columbus discovering America allowed trade to start between Europeans and the Indians

5. Technology • Bombards • Cannons • Heavy Cavalry Knights

6. Events • Reconquista- centuries long effort to drive Muslims out of Spain (started 1063) • By 1400’s, Muslims only held Granada • Civil war between Castile and Aragon • 1469– Marriage or Ferdinand and Isabella • 1482-1492– Conquest of Granada • 1504– Death of Isabella • 1516– Death of Ferdinand

7. Notables • Christopher Columbus • Took Jews and Muslims on ships to the Americas • Funded by Ferdinand and Isabella • Accidentally discovered America, originally intended to reach Asia

8. Borders • Situated on the Iberian peninsula • Aragon + Castile joined in 1469 • Granada conquered in 1492 • Part of Navarre conquered in 1504 after Isabella’s death • Modern borders developed in 1516 when Ferdinand died

9. Decline • Inquisition effected all of Spain • Jews left • Economy lost satiability and fell • A bad economy led to the downfall of Isabella and Ferdinand’s rule

10. Legacies of Isabella and Ferdinand • Borders created by Ferdinand in 1516= borders of today • Christopher Columbus discovered America and allowed European countries to start settlements and begin a new civilization • Created the nation of Spain the way it is today

11. Current Event • Tightest Spain budget in decades passes hurdle • Theme- Peace and Security, because it is related to the economy • Summary- Spain is lowering the budget by $36 billion to help resolve the economic crisis. By June, the budget is expected to get final approval. • Relation to Class- Isabella and Ferdinand caused a bad economy when they forced all the Jews and Muslims, who were money lenders, to leave. • Reaction- We think this is a step in the right direction to restoring the economy in Spain.

12. Works Consulted • "Isabella of Castile 1451–1504 Spanish Queen." Renaissance: An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. Paul F. Grendler. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004. 189-190. Gale World History In Context. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. • Krieger, Larry, Kenneth Neill, and Edward Reynolds. World History: Perspectives on the past. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath, 1997. Print. • Shubert, Adrian. The Land and People of Spain. New York, NY: HarperCollinsPublishers, 1992. Print.