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Soe Win Maung

Food Security Policy in Myanmar. Soe Win Maung. Outline. Agricultural Policy Food Policy Development Factors Related to Food Security Population Food Production Import & E xport Food Availability Prices Poverty & Hunger Food Security Issues Food Security Policy Directions.

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Soe Win Maung

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  1. Food Security Policyin Myanmar Soe Win Maung

  2. Outline • Agricultural Policy • Food Policy Development • Factors Related to Food Security • Population • Food Production • Import & Export • Food Availability • Prices • Poverty & Hunger • Food Security Issues • Food Security Policy Directions

  3. Agricultural Policy … • To emphasize production and utilization of high yielding and good quality seeds • To conduct training and education activities for farmers and extension staff to provide advanced agricultural techniques • To inculcate agricultural knowledge into primary and secondary level students • To spawn qualified agricultural technicians from State Agricultural Institutes and YezinAgricultural University • To implement research and development activities for sustainable agricultural development • To protect farmers' rights and benefits • To assist farmers to get fair price on their produce • To assist in reduction of production cost, increasing high quality crop production, strengthening and developing the market infrastructure

  4. Agricultural Policy • To encourage transformation from conventional agriculture to mechanized agriculture • To undertake renovation and maintenance works for old irrigation, pumping and underground water systems • To support rural development and povertyreduction activities through development of agriculture sector • To help strengthen the market and allow the farmers freedom of choice in crop cultivation • To encourage local and international investmentin agriculture sector • To appropriate and amend the existing agricultural laws and regulations in line with current situation Source: DAP (2012), “Myanma Agriculture in Brief 2012”

  5. Food Policy Development • Food: Basic human right • Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (MDG-1) • Rice, national crop • Summer rice (1992/93) • Regional self-sufficiency • Export marketable surplus • Rice organization (MRF, MAPCO) • Rice reserve (ASEAN) • ASEAN Food Security Information System (AFSIS) • Cyclone Nargis (2008) • Land: Non-transferable from rice to other crops • Transformation from “Ya” to “Le”

  6. Millennium Development Goal-1 Target 1A: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day Target 1B: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people Target 1C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the Proportion of People who suffer from hunger

  7. Myanmar: MDG-1 Achievement Source: IHLCA Survey (2009/10)

  8. Use of Crops Source: MNPED (1999), “Review of the Financial, Economic and Social Conditions for 1998/99”

  9. Rice Sufficiency • Per capita consumption rate • Rice (Urban: 12 bsk/ Rural: 15 bsk) • Oil (6 viss) • Pulses (6.5 pyi) • Seed rate • Rice (2 bsk/ac) • Waste • Rice (3 bsk/ac) • Other use • Rice (15 % of Production) • Processing Outturn • 1 mt of rice/ 100 bsk of paddy • 2 viss of oil/ 1 bsk of groundnut • 6 “ / “ sesamum Norm Source: MOAI (2011), “Review on Rice Sufficiency”

  10. Food Security (4 dimensions) “Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.” World Food Summit (Oct, 1996) • Availability • Access • Utilization • Stability

  11. Food Security Studies 2006

  12. Population Growth Rate

  13. Population Young Population

  14. Food Production

  15. Food Import (USD Million) Source: CSO (2012), “Statistical Yearbook 2010”

  16. Agri Export (000 mt) Source: CSO (2012), “Statistical Yearbook 2010”

  17. Food Availability per Head (Kg)

  18. Food Price *1997-98 = 100 * 2006=100

  19. Income

  20. Poverty Incidence Source: IHLCA (2011), “MDG Data Report”, Table-9, Page-13.

  21. Food Expenditure

  22. Hunger (Food Poverty Incidence)

  23. Global Hunger Index (GHI) Source: IFPRI (2012),”Global Hunger Index 2011” Comparison with ASEAN Neighbors Source: ADB (2012), “Myanmar in Transition”

  24. Nutrition Per capita consumption (NNC 1997) • Per capita Calorie consumption = 92.4 % of RDA • Per capita Protein consumption = 115.7 % of RDA Malnutrition amongst children under 5 years of age (MICS 2009/10) • Prevalence of Underweight = 22.6 % • “ Overweight = 2% • Prevalence of Stunting (height for age) = 35.1 % • Prevalence of Wasting (weight for height) = 9.4 % Low birth weight (LBW) = 8.6 % (MICS 2009/10) 20.5% men & 21.7 % women have a low body mass index (BMI) 7.2% men & 14.5 % women were overweight (BMI>25) 1.4 % men & 3.7 % women were obese (BMI>30) <NNC 2003> Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD), Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD), Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), Beriri (Thiamine/ Vitamin B1 deficiency) Water & Sanitation RDA = Recommended Daily Allowance

  25. Food Security Issues • Household food security • Food safety • Emergency case • Food prices • Consumer preferences • Nutrition • Equity

  26. Supporting for Food Security • Food Assistant/ Cash transfer • Promoting agricultural production • Income generation • Food outlook, Food balance sheet • Early warning system • Consumption survey, food security studies • Data and information system, Mapping system • Food storage facilities • Monitoring and Evaluation • Emergency management • Peoples’ awareness • Budget

  27. Food Security Policy Directions • To aim full percent security • To abolish hunger (zero hunger) • To lay down food security policy and programmes • To be prepared for emergencies • To stockpile food reserve • To set up monitoring and surveillance system • To follow integrated approach

  28. Thank You.

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