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Aim: How did France become a nation?

Aim: How did France become a nation?. Do Now : Could/should a teenager lead the American army in Afghanistan?. NY State Standards 2 Common Core RS 2, 3, WS 1, 2. I Why couldn’t the English & French Get Along??.

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Aim: How did France become a nation?

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  1. Aim: How did France become a nation? Do Now: Could/should a teenager lead the American army in Afghanistan? NY State Standards 2 Common Core RS 2, 3, WS 1, 2

  2. I Why couldn’t the English & French Get Along?? A) Recall William the Conqueror crossed the English channel from Normandy and became the King of England in 1066. Because of this, future English kings claimed that the lands of France belonged to them.

  3. Why couldn’t the English & French Get Along?? Continued… B) Because William the Conqueror was from Normandy, future kings of France believed that the king of England was their vassal! So why couldn’t England and France get along? Recall that under feudalism, a vassal was anyone who owed allegiance to someone with a higher status.

  4. Why couldn’t the English & French Get Along?? Continued… C) In 1338 King Edward III of England led a raid into France and declared himself the new French King. This angered King Philip VI of France. This conflict led to the 100 Years War.

  5. II The English Were Winning! A) The English were winning the beginning of the war due to their new weapon, the long bow. The long bow shoots up to 400 yards! An archer could shoot 12-15 arrows per minute! BUT it took a lot of training to master.

  6. The English Were Winning Continued… B) During the 100 Years War the French used the cross bow (a weapon first used in Asia). It was less efficient than the long bow, but required less training to master.

  7. The English Were Winning Continued… C) On Oct 25, 1415, 6,000 English knights defeated 20,00 French knights. England now controlled Normandy (Northern France).

  8. Battlefield at Agincourt

  9. III Joan of Arc • At 13 years old, a peasant girl named Joan of Arc heard voices of angels and saints, telling her to lead France to victory against the English. Joan never called herself Joan of Arc! She only referred to herself as Jehanne la Pucelle “The Maid”. Modern doctors have diagnosed her as possibly epileptic or schizophrenic, as her visions were often accompanied by a bright light and ringing bells. “Joan of Arc” painted by Jules Bastien-Lepage, 1879

  10. Joan of Arc Continued… B) She donned men’s clothes and went to see the French king Charles VII. He had her “examined” by Church officials to determine if she told the truth. He let her lead the French army. C) In April of 1429, the French army led by Joan expelled the British from Orleans in only 3 days! Joan of Arc never actually fought in a battle! She accompanied her men and carried a banner, like a medieval cheerleader, to inspire the French to victory.

  11. Joan’s Letter to King of England 1429 “King of England, render account to the King of Heaven of your royal blood. Return the keys of all the good cities which you have seized, to the Maid. She is sent by God to reclaim the royal blood, and is fully prepared to make peace, if you will give her satisfaction; that is, you must render justice, and pay back all that you have taken…” If you were the King of England, how would you react to this letter? Based on this letter, do you think that Joan of Arc seem more sane or crazy? Explain.

  12. Joan of Arc Continued… D) May 23, 1430 Joan was seized by Burgundians (a French political party who were fighting for power against the French King). King Charles VII of France refused to ransom her! November she was sold to the English.

  13. Joan of Arc Continued… F) In 1431 she was put on trial in England for heresy and witchcraft. G) Joan recanted to save her life. She put on female clothes. H) Joan took back her recantation, knowing she would die a martyr. May 30, 1431 she was burned at the stake. I ) 1920 Joan of Arc was canonized as a Saint. The opening statement of her trial: "Here begin the proceedings in matter of faith against a dead woman, Jeanne, commonly known as the Maid“

  14. IV The End of Feudalism? • 100 Years war ended Oct 19, 1453 • France expelled the English, increasing the power of the French King E) After the war, nationalism increased in France and England. FEUDALISM Small, weak, decentralized government based on reciprocity. Feudal justice had replaced law (with the exception of the Magna Carta in England). NATION STATES Large, strong, centralized government. It has a defined territory, a system of law, and a bureaucracy to bring order. IS REPLACED BY

  15. Summary • What was a cause of the 100 Years War? • What role did Joan of Arc play in the 100 Years War? • What were the consequences of the 100 Years War? • Compare and contrast feudalism and nation states.

  16. Key Vocabulary • 100 Years War • William the Conqueror • Normandy • Long Bow • Cross Bow • Joan of Arc • Burundians • Martyr • Heresy • Feudalism • Nation State

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