Chapter 7 Life in the New Nation

1. Chapter 7 Life in the New Nation Life in the New Nation 1783-1850

2. Ch 7, Section 1 Cultural Social, and Religious Life • In the early 1800s, the Culture, religion, and social practices of Americans adapted to meet the challenges of a new and growing nation.

3. American Scholars and ArtistsBy Hailey Brooks • Noah Webster & others worked to establish the country’s “national character” • They contributed to the development of American learning

4. Contributors: • Mercy Otis Warren: wrote several plays encouraging the cause of independence and wrote a book titled History of the American Revolution • Benjamin Rush: doctor, scientist, and revolutionary. Also signed the Declaration of Independence • Benjamin Banneker: writer, inventor, mathematician, astronomer. Mapped out the site of our nations capital

5. Contributors: • Charles Wilson Peale: artist that painted more than 1,000 portraits. Also a soldier in the Revolution, representative in Pennsylvania legislature, scientist, and an inventor. Founded first major museum and proved that museums could be for education and enjoyment instead of only for the wealthy. • Phillis Wheatley: Enslaved woman bought by a Boston family. Allowed her to read and write. Published poems and also wrote and dedicated one of them to George Washington.

6. Education - Alyssa Newman • Some Americans began to see children’s education as a mean of developing a rich and uniquely American culture. • Many state constitutions required free public education for all children. Even though few state governments actually provided free education in those early years, academies, or private high schools, often filled the gap.

7. Webster • Webster wrote The American Spelling Book, which first appeared in 1783. He also backed up this call by compiling the first major dictionary of American English, The American Dictionary of The English Language.

8. Republican Virtues • Many Americans hoped to develop character by promoting certain virtues- Republican virtues. • Republican virtues included self-reliance, hard work, frugality, harmony, and sacrificing individual needs for the good of the community.

9. Republican Virtues • Women set the standard for republican virtues because they had a strong influence over men. • This caused the first “female departments” of schools to open because the importance of educating these influential women was recognized.

10. Chapter 7 ,section 1:Population growthBy Rashan Winters

11. Population • The united states population from 1780-1830 was predominantly white • In 1830 the African American population had approximately 1/6 the population while the white had about 5/6 the population • From 1780 to 1830 the population doubled about every 20 years • In 1780 around 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states and by 1830 the population increased to about 12 million with the addition of 11 more states.

12. Growth • About 90%of the american population growth came from an astonishing number of children born to families. • During the 1800s about 130 of the 1000 children born died before their first birthday today the rate is only 7:1000 • The median age of the 1820s in America Was 17 meaning half of the population was 17 or younger.

13. Chapter 7 Section 1- MobilityTheresa Ann Crosby A mobile society- the us population was on the move changing locations and society

14. Improving life • When moving you could change your class in society. • Enslaved Americans were some of the only not benefitted.

15. Changes in society • Most learned new people skills and learned to judge new neighbors • Social standing questioned due to frequent moving • Some dueled over social positions occurred

16. Chapter 7 section 1Courtship and Marriage - Jesse Burnley

17. Chapter 7 section 1 Courtship and Marriage • One of the only decisions women could make around this time was who they would marry. Courtship was when the two people getting married would be together for a long period of time before actually getting married.

18. Charlotte Temple • A story about a 15 year old girl that meets someone that is in the military. He ends up leaving her with no money and pregnant. • Women would look for advice in moralizing novels like this one.

19. Chapter 7, Section 1 – Religious Renewal – George Boggs The Second Great Awakening • Started in Kentucky and Tennessee • Evangelical movement that affected Protestant Christians • Was considered democratic since anyone rich or poor could have a relationship with Jesus • Importance of Congregations instead of ministers • Revival of religious belief

20. The Second Great Awakening (cont.) • Focused on 3 main ideas • The Christian Bible, known as the Scripture, is the final authority • Salvation can be achieved only through a personal belief in Jesus • People demonstrate true faith by leading a transformed life and by performing good deeds

21. African American Worship Chapter 7, Section 1-Religious renewal – Morris Jackson Like white Americans, great numbers of African Americans turned to evangical religion. They found a strong sense of community in methodism and other protestant denominations. Traditions started to blend together once African Americans joined Christian churches.

22. Cont. • Whites and blacks both sang spirituals, or folk hymns. African American singers often focused on themes that held a double meaning. Example: In the Bible, Moses led the Israelites to freedom from slavery under the Pharaoh, the ruler of Egypt. African Americans used that as a symbol for winning spiritual and physical freedom.

23. Ch 7, Section 2 - Trails to the West In the early years of the republic, many people traveled west over the Appalachians to settle in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys. Later, settlers would cross the continent to the Great Salt Lake and Pacific Coast.

24. Chapter 7 Section 2 Crossing the Appalachians Destiney Lewis A2

25. Growing Population • With a growing population, the United States needed space to expand. • Some couples dreamed of creating a bright and secure future, others sought to escape the overcrowding along the Atlantic coast to find a place with ”elbow room” • West of the Appalachian mountains was the area it was a region known as trans-Appalachia

26. Early 1800’s • Americans traveled several main roads over the Appalachians. New England followed the Mohawk Trail, into western New York. • Philadelphia and Baltimore went to Pittsburgh. • Middle Atlantic used newly built Cumberland road also called National Road, southerners followed either the Great valley roads Or Richmond Road through the Cumberland gap

27. Ch.7 Section 2- Crossing the Appalachians:SETTLING THE WILDERNESS People from different backgrounds settled in trans-Appalachia Daniel Boone became a legend, although he was no different from many other pioneers Daniel Boone was employed by the Transylvania Company in 1775 to cut the Wilderness Road through the Cumberland Gap with a group of men This road became the main route to trans-Appalachia

28. In 1792, 75,000 pioneers settled in Kentucky, which was the 15th state in the Union In the 1830’s, hundreds of thousands of Americans settled in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan Territory Settlers usually moved as families, except young men who traveled west alone Ch.7 Section 2- Crossing the Appalachians:SETTLING THE WILDERNESS

29. Once settled, newcomers faced a lot of work They had to clear trees and underbrush, plant crops such as corn, and build a log cabin using only hand tools The settlers were mostly white, but there were also many African-Americans Between 1790 and 1810, about 98,000 slaves moved west with their owners to the region south of the Ohio River The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 forbid slavery in territories North of Ohio Ch.7 Section 2- Crossing the Appalachians:SETTLING THE WEST

30. Ch 7.2 Forcing Native American West

31. In 1795,the United States and Spain agreed to the Pickney Treaty. The Pickney Treat agreed on: • The southern boundary of the U.S. was at the 31°N latitude, leaving Florida to the Spanish • U.S citizens were allowed free use of the Mississippi through the Spanish territory. • Spanish and Americans had agreed to control Native Americans 7.2Spanish Occupation Kerby Dalton

32. In 1810 the U.S. annexed West Florida • The Americans took control of some parts of East Flordia • The Seminoles took control of Southern Georgia • Andrew Jackson then led the plan to invade Florida

33. Chapter 7 Section 2 Expanding into Florida The Seminole Wars

34. March 1818 • Battle lead by General Jackson • Took over Spanish towns, burned Seminole villages, claimed possession of entire western part of Florida • Battle started in early 1818 • Battle ended in late 1818

35. Treaty • Spanish representatives took weeks to work out a treaty with Adams • In 1819 the Adams-Onis Treaty was accepted • In the treaty Spain gave up Florida to the US along with fixing boundaries in the Louisiana purchase

36. The Oregon Country by Unknown -Popular in 1820 -U.S, Great Britain, Russia, and Spain claimed rights -The Convention of 1818 disregarded the wishes of Native Americans who already lived there -Spain gave up its claim to the region and in 1825 Russia followed

37. The Oregon Country • Indian Trails • Churches sent missionaries to convert Native Americans • First missionary was Jason Lee in 1834 • Jason Lee built a mission school for Indians in Willamette Valley • Missionaries didn’t have much success in Converting the region’s Indians

38. 7.2 Bound for the Pacific Overland Travelers

39. Mormon Migrations By: Lizzy Uvanni

40. Mormon Migration • The Mormon group were people who thought that it was okay to marry more than one wife. • They first migrated to Ohio because they were being harassed, then they migrated to Missouri then eventually Illinois.

41. 11,000 Mormon had settled in the valley. • Most settled in the Salt Lakes • There at 13 million Mormons worldwide and 12 % live in Utah.

42. 7.2 Bound for the Pacific Gold Rush

43. Ch 7, Section 3 –The Great Plains and Southwest • The migration of Spaniards from Central Mexico and Settlers from the United States in the Great Plains, California, and the Rio Grande Valley led to economic and political changes

44. Ch 7 Section 3 – plains indiansBy Patric Curry The effects of the horse on the native Americans • How it got there? • Why it’s important in history?

45. The Impact of the Horse • The horse had very profound effects on the native americans. • It brought a change in almost ever aspect such as a tribe's movement, war, agriculture, and hunting. • These task allowed for better harvests, faster raids, and effective hunts.

46. What’s that doing there? • Horses were traded by the french and spanish to indians for furs, and other goods made by the natives. • The indian also stole horses during raids on settlements.

47. Significance? • With out the horse many of the natives would have stayed in settlements and been enveloped by settlers moving west. • Indians also would have had a harder time hunt and many would have stayed in agricultural farming villages. • Indians also may have been a little less aggressive towards us and each other if they didn’t have such an easy way to raid.

48. Ch 7, Section 3- The Plains IndiansMacKenzie Ward • New Nations and New Settlers • The horse made travelling easier for nomads, who were moving west to follow Buffalo. • They were also moving west to avoid the settlers who were continuously pushing westward. • This constant flow of settlers led to the creation of three new states – Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minnesota.

49. Ch 7, Section 3- The Plains Indians • The Decline of Villages- • Nomadic groups were joining war parties to gain power • Warfare became a way of life • The Comanche Indians drove other villages westward into Spanish New Mexico • The agricultural Native Americans were caught between the American settlers on the east and the Nomads to the west and because of this they suffered greatly

50. The Mandans were hit the hardest. They had a population of 10,000 in the mid-1700’s to around 2,000 in the summer of 1873. • A smallpox epidemic hit leaving roughly a hundred of the Mandans alive. • In 1850, 40 % of the Native American population was made up by the 75,000 Nomads and the 84,000 Native Americans forced to live in present-day Oklahoma