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Athens & Sparta’s History

Athens & Sparta’s History. Rule & Order. Polis Fundamental political unit political unit in ancient Greece Countryside & surrounding cities 50-500 square miles of territory Fewer than 20,000 residents Acropolis Male citizens gather to conduct business. Political Structures. Monarchy

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Athens & Sparta’s History

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  1. Athens & Sparta’s History

  2. Rule & Order • Polis • Fundamental political unit political unit in ancient Greece • Countryside & surrounding cities • 50-500 square miles of territory • Fewer than 20,000 residents • Acropolis • Male citizens gather to conduct business

  3. Political Structures • Monarchy • King or monarchs rule • Ultimate control • Aristocracy • Small group of noble, land-owning families • Gained control by working in kings military • Oligarchy • Few powerful people

  4. Phalanx • Dorian Age • Bronze weapons • Wealthy owned • Iron replaces Bronze b/c cheaper • Ordinary citizens could own weapons now • Citizens expected to defend polis • Foot soldiers (Hoplites) • Shield in 1 hand • Spear in the other • Tyrants use unemployed to seize control

  5. Sparta • Military state • Southern part on Peloponnesus • No colonies just brute force • Messenia circa 725 B.C. • B/C Helots • Peasants forced to stay on land & work it • Spartans demanded 50% of crops each year • 600 B.C. revolt of helots • Result? Sparta needs to be stronger

  6. Government & Society • 2 groups ruled • Assembly • Council of Elders • Proposed laws to be passed • Ephors • 5 elected officials carry out laws • Controlled education & court cases • 2 Kings control army

  7. Education • Military training • Boys left home @ age 7 to begin • Wore no shoes • Harsh conditions to make good soldiers • Women • Could not vote • Ran family while men served polis • Most powerful army in Greece (600-371 B.C.) • Individuals discouraged • Result? • No value in arts • Valued duty, strength, & discipline over individuality, beauty, & freedom

  8. Athenian Democracy • Polar opposite of Sparta • Free thinking • Imagination & curiosity • All free citizens involved in government • Slaves, foreigners living w/i Athens & women do not have rights • Slaves = 1/3 of pop. & worked mines, fields, & housework

  9. Draco’s code • Aristocrats & common folk always fighting • 621 B.C. Cylon tried to est. a tyranny • Commoners insist on written laws • Included contracts & property ownership • Solon • Gets total control to reform laws (debt slavery)

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