1 / 54

Israel & Palestine

Israel & Palestine. What’s going on???. Israel and Palestine Another “Powder Keg” ?. Both Monotheistic - One God - Judaism, Islam. MIDDLE EAST Political, Cultural, Ethnic, and Economic Conflict. Dome of the Rock - Photo by E.J. Palka. The Wailing Wall - Photo by E.J. Palka.

karik
Download Presentation

Israel & Palestine

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Israel &Palestine What’s going on???

  2. Israel and Palestine Another “Powder Keg”? Both Monotheistic - One God - Judaism, Islam

  3. MIDDLE EAST Political, Cultural, Ethnic, and Economic Conflict

  4. Dome of the Rock - Photo by E.J. Palka

  5. The Wailing Wall - Photo by E.J. Palka

  6. The Church of the Nativity - Photo by E.J. Palka

  7. Peace and Security in Palestine Historic Background - Capital of Jewish Kingdom – for 3000+ yrs - First Temple - Destroyed by Babylonians - 586 BC - Second Temple and Jerusalem - Destroyed by Romans – 70 AD - Jews Dispersed Jerusalem ruled by combination of Arabs, Turks, Christians - Until 1948

  8. Jewish Dispersions and Expulsions 70 AD to 1500 AD

  9. Peace and Security in Palestine Historic Background - 1897 – Basil, Switzerland Theodor Herzl - Initiates Zionist Movement - Jews need a “Homeland”

  10. Peace and Security in Palestine Historic Background - 1917 - Balfour Agreement Lord Balfour - Foreign minister for U.K. “The British Government would not oppose a Jewish State in “Palestine” as long as the native population was NOT disturbed”

  11. Peace and Security in Palestine Historic Background - 1918 - End of World War I Ottoman Turks removed from Palestine Leadership Vacuum - Palestinians had no formal government

  12. Peace and Security in Palestine • Historic Background • - 1918 - End of World War I • League of Nations Mandate • - Gave other countries control of • former Ottoman Territories • - Britain and France “prepare” • countries for independence • 1922 British Mandate to Govern • Palestine

  13. Peace and Security in Palestine Historic Background Pre World War II Jewish Migration to Palestine - Persecution in Europe - Hitler, Stalin, others - Strengthening Zionist Movement

  14. Peace and Security in Palestine Historic Background - World War II Holocaust - Over 6,000,000 Jews murdered - PA 2004 Population - 12,365,455 (2003) - Many survivors move to Palestine

  15. Peace and Security in Palestine Historic Background - Post World War II United Nations Formed - Replaced defunct League of Nations

  16. Peace and Security in Palestine Historic Background - Post World War II Britain “controlled” Palestine - Radical Israelis form terror cells - Target British Soldiers - Target Palestinian Population - British eventually driven out (1948)

  17. Important Israeli Prime Ministers

  18. Peace and Security in Palestine Historic Background 1947 United Nations Mandate - Jewish State is created - Jews 54% of Palestine - Arabs 45.3% of Palestine Jerusalem = International Zone - “Open City”

  19. Peace and Security in Palestine 1. War of Independence May 14, 1948 - Israel Declared Independent - Israel attacked by Arab nations - Syria, Iraq, Egypt, Jordan - Israelis well armed - French, British, U.S. weapons - Israel seizes more land

  20. Land of conflict Original boundaries Post 1967 boundaries West Bank Gaza Strip Golan Heights

  21. Peace and Security in Palestine • War of Independence • (1948-49) • - Israelis capture 85% of Jerusalem • - 15% of East Jerusalem left alone • - 100% Arab population • - West Bank Annexed by Jordan • - Gaza Strip Annexed by Egypt • - between 500,000 – 900,000 refugees • War Ended by 1949 Geneva Agreement • Capital moved - Tel Aviv to Jerusalem

  22. Peace and Security in Palestine Aftermath (1949-1950) - Palestinian Refugees flee to Gaza and West Bank - More Palestinians in Jordan than Jordanians - Palestinians cause strife in Jordan - Refugee status still causes problems - Issues over right to return - This issue is, at times, an impediment to peace

  23. Palestinian Refugees Palestinian Diaspora

  24. Suez Crisis (1956) Gamal Abdul NasserPresident of Egypt

  25. Peace and Security in Palestine 2. Suez War(1956 ) - Israel takes Sinai Peninsula - British and French assistance - UN and U.S. are infuriated - Eisenhower insists Israel withdrawal - at first, response = “God said it is ours” (O.T.) - Israel finally gives in - Returns to 1949 borders

  26. Peace and Security in Palestine 3. Six Day War(1967) - Israel Invades - West Bank, Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula, and Golan Heights - Simultaneous attacks on - Egypt, Jordan, Syria - Israel weapons supplied by - France, Britain, and U.S.

  27. Peace and Security in Palestine 1967 - Six Day War Causes - Continued strife between Arabs and Jews - Nasser’s (Egypt) “Acts of War” - Kicks UN out of Sinai - present since 1956 Suez War - Egyptian Army occupies Sinai - Blocks Straits of Turin - Blockades Israel’s southern port

  28. Surprise AttackThe Pre-Emptive Strike • Knowing that your military is skilled, yet outnumbered by Egypt and it’s allies… If you were planning the surprise attack for Israel’s Air Force, against Egypt, what ideas can you come up with to give your forces more of an advantage? • Brainstorm and compare answers with other students.

  29. Peace and Security in Palestine 1967 - Six Day War Pre-Emptive Strike - Israeli Air Force attacks - Modern Mirage Attack Jets - Painted in Egyptian colors - Arabic speaking Jewish pilots - Simulated “Surprise Israeli Attack” - Landing gear down

  30. Peace and Security in Palestine 1967 - Six Day War Pre-Emptive Strike - 90% of Egyptian Air Force - Destroyed on the ground - Israeli tanks occupy Sinai in two days - Jordan loses East Jerusalem, West Bank - “Admirable Opponents”

  31. JERUSALEM

  32. Peace and Security in Palestine 1967 - Six Day War Pre-Emptive Strike - Syria - Golan Heights - Strategically overlook N. Israel - Headwaters to Sea of Galilee - Freshwater Sea - Jordan River Majority of Israel’s fresh water comes from occupied territories - West Bank, Jordan River, Sea of Galilee

  33. Peace and Security in Palestine • 1967 - Six Day War - Aftermath • UN Resolution - 242 • - Israel must return to Pre-war Boundaries • - Israel Refuses • - “God said the Holy Land belongs to • the Jews” - Old Testament • - U.S. supports UN 242 but • supports Israel in UN • Without U.S. support for UN 242, there is no • way to “force” Israel to pre-1967 borders.

  34. Palestine Liberation Organization Yasser Arafat

  35. Peace and Security in Palestine • 4.Yom Kippur War(1973) • Israel Attacked by Arab Countries • - Egypt, Syria, Jordan surprise Israel • - Israel pushed back on all fronts • - Israel regains initiative • - With help of U.S. weapons • Flown directly from U.S. • Without U.S. support Israel may lose war • War costly to Israel • Lives, Material, and Money

  36. Peace and Security in Palestine Yom Kippur War(1973) Israel Regains Territories - Retakes Sinai - Retakes Golan Heights - Bold Military Moves - Vows not to be surprised again - War still influences Israeli Politics

  37. Peace and Security in Palestine 1977 - Camp David Agreement Peace Treaty - Israel & Egypt - Anwar Sadat and Moshe Dyan - Israel returns Sinai to Egypt - Egypt recognizes Israel’s “Right to Exist” - U.S. President Jimmy Carter - Instrumental in treaty - Egypt - out of League of Arab States - Anwar Sadat assassinated - 1981 - Hosni Mubarak - new “Dictator”

  38. Camp David Accords (1979) President President Prime MinisterAnwar Sadat Jimmy Carter Menachem Begin of Egypt of the U. S. Of Israel

  39. Camp David Accords (1979)

  40. Peace and Security in Palestine 1977 - Camp David Agreement Peace Treaty - Israel Receives - U.S. Built Airbase - U.S. Oil to replace oil lost in Sinai return - U.S. Pays for troop withdrawal - Cheaper for U.S. to pay for peace than to pay for war - No settlement until Israel withdrawals QUESTION: What price are YOU willing to pay for peace?

  41. Peace and Security in Palestine • 1980 - Settlement Policy • Israel Starts Settlements • - In occupied territories • - Gaza Strip • - West Bank • - Golan Heights • All settlements violate UN 242

  42. WEST BANK SETTLEMENTS • Violates UN Mandate 242 • Majority of Israeli Ground • Water comes from West Bank • - Various attempts at joint control • - Continuous Conflict • - Are Extremist Methods Effective? • - Bus Bombings? • - Air and Tank Assaults?

  43. Peace and Security in Palestine 1982 - Invasion of Lebanon - To Prevent Palestinian Terrorism - Lasted for several years - Palestinian Massacre - Ariel Sharon - U.S. and France Intervene - Truck Bombing of U.S./ French Barracks - U.S. and France Withdrawal - Palestinian fighters withdrawal to Tunisia

  44. Lebanon Capital: Beirut Many Religions Many Ethnicities Civil War Influenced by Syria, Israel, USA Continuous Conflict

  45. Peace and Security in Palestine 1990’s - Jordan Drops Claims to West Bank - To Allow Palestinian State in West Bank - Acknowledges Israel’s “Right to Exist” - 400,000 Jewish settlers Still in West Bank - Violates UN 242 - Violates 4th article of 1949 Geneva Agreement

  46. Palestinian Intifada-Part I(1987-1993)

  47. Modern Issues Intifada – “Struggle” - In late 1980s, and early 2000s, Palestinian Youths launched INTIFADAs - Why? What caused this? * Demanding a Palestinian Homeland, end to Israeli Occupation

  48. Modern Issues Attacks and Assassinations by both sides - Bus/Car Bombings - Assassinations - Attacks on Civilian and military targets

  49. Modern Issues In 2004, under Ariel Sharon, the Israeli Knesset (Congress) voted to remove many of the settlements from Gaza & some from the West Bank - Not driven by peace - Driven by “Security”

More Related