What You Will Do

2. What You Will Do • Identify factors that influence your food choices. • Explain the role of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in your eating plan. • Identify the recommended daily amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

3. nutrients nutrition culture carbohydrates proteins fats calorie adipose tissue dietary fiber amino acids vegetarian saturated fatty acids trans fatty acids unsaturated fatty acids cholesterol LDL HDL Terms to Know

4. The Importance of Nutrition Personal fitness requires positive lifestyle choices including physical activity and healthful eating.

5. Terms to Know Terms to Know Nutrition The study of food and how your body uses the substances in food. Nutrition The study of food and how your body uses the substances in food. Nutrients Substances in food that your body needs for energy, proper growth, body maintenance, and functioning. Healthful Eating Good nutrition involves eating a variety of healthful foods. Healthful eating means taking in the proper amount of nutrients each day.

6. Term to Know Culture The shared customs, traditions, and beliefs of a particular group. Healthful Eating • Hunger • Appetite • Culture These are some of the factors that influence your food choices: • Family and friends • Emotions • Convenience and cost • Advertising

7. Term to Know Carbohydrates The starches and sugars found in food. Nutrients for Energy There are three energy sources, all of which are nutrients. Carbohydrates are the body’s chief source of energy.

8. Term to Know Proteins Nutrients that help build, maintain, and repair body tissues. Nutrients for Energy There are three energy sources, all of which are nutrients. Proteins serve as a secondary source of energy.

9. Term to Know Fats Substances that supply a concentrated form of energy and help transport other nutrients to locations in the body where they are needed. Nutrients for Energy There are three energy sources, all of which are nutrients. Fats, or lipids, are another type of nutrient that provide energy.

10. Term to Know Calorie The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram (about a quart) of water 1 degree Celsius OR the unit of measurement for energy. Healthful Eating Your body’s energy needs are measured in calories.

11. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are classified as: • Simple carbohydrates • These are sugars found in fruits, candy, cookies and soda. • They provide quick energy. • Complex carbohydrates • These are starches found in vegetables like corn and potatoes, as well as breads, cereals, pastas, rice, and dry beans. • They provide sustained energy.

12. Term to Know Adipose tissue Body fat. Carbohydrates If a person takes in more carbohydrates than their body can use for energy or store as glycogen, the excess glucose is stored as adipose tissue.

13. Term to Know Dietary fiber A special subclass of complex carbohydrates that has several functions, including aiding the body in digestion. Carbohydrates Dietary fiber is not digestible in humans and thus provides no calories.

14. Protein Protein is a component of bones, connective tissue, skin, blood, and vital organs. • Your body needs protein to: • grow, repair, and maintain itself • help fight disease • supply energy

15. Term to Know Amino acids The building blocks of proteins. Protein There are 22 different amino acids. Your body can manufacture all but nine. These are called essentialamino acids because you must get them from the foods you eat. (The essential amino acids are arginine (required for the young, but not for adults), histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.)

16. Protein There are two types of proteins found in foods: • Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids. • Animal products such as meats and dairy products are sources of complete proteins. • Incomplete proteins lack one or more of the essential amino acids. • With the exception of soybeans, plant foods are incomplete proteins.

17. Term to Know Vegetarians Individuals who eliminate meat, fish, and poultry from their eating plans. Protein Vegetarians must eat a variety of plant-based foods and dairy products to ensure an adequate intake of complete proteins. Vegans are vegetarians who also eliminate eggs and dairy products from their diets.

18. Fats The positive properties of fats: Fats supply twice the energy of a gram of carbohydrate or protein. Fats transport and absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K. Fats help regulate the hormone testosterone, which is used to build body tissue. Fats enhance the flavor and texture of foods Fats help satisfy huger because they take longer to digest.

19. Fats The negative properties of fats: Eating too many fats can clog arteries and lead to heart disease. Eating too many fats can lead to certain types of cancer. Fat that is not used as energy is stored as adipose tissue. Excess body fat can lead to unhealthful weight gain and obesity. Excess fat can lead to type 2 diabetes.

20. Fats Fats are classified into three basic types: Saturated Fatty Acids Trans Fatty Acids Unsaturated Fatty Acids

21. Term to Know Saturated fatty acids Fats that come mainly from animal fats, including butter and lard, and are often solid at room temperature. Fats Saturated fatty acids are found in many foods, including fatty meats, cheese, ice cream, whole milk, palm oil, and coconut oil.

22. Term to Know Trans fatty acids Fats that are formed when certain oils are processed into solids. Fats Trans fatty acids are in processed foods such as margarine and shortening. They can often be identified by the words partially hydrogenated in the list of ingredients.

23. Term to Know Unsaturated fatty acids Fats that are usually liquid at room temperature and come mainly from plant sources. Fats Unsaturated fatty acids include corn oil, soybean oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, and some fish oils.

24. Term to Know Cholesterol A fatlike substance that is produced in the liver and circulates in the blood. Fats Saturated fats and trans fat contain cholesterol. Cholesterol circulates through the bloodstream in fat-protein “packages” called lipoproteins.

25. Terms to Know Terms to Know Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) A type of compound that carries cholesterol from the liver to areas of the body where it is needed. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) A type of compound that carries cholesterol from the liver to areas of the body where it is needed. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) A type of compound that picks up excess cholesterol and returns it to the liver. Fats There are two types of lipoproteins. • Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) • High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

26. Fats Fats should make up about 20% to 30% of your daily calories. • To reduce your fat intake: • Limit your use of solid fats. • Choose fat-free or low-fat products.

27. Lesson 1 Review Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary 1. Vocabulary The study of food and how your body uses the substances in food. 2. Vocabulary Two types of carbohydrates are simple and complete. Examples will vary. 3. Recall Saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids; saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids raise cholesterol. • Vocabulary What is nutrition? • Vocabulary List two categories of carbohydrates. Name two foods that are a good source of each type. • Recall What are the three types of fatty acids? Which two raise blood cholesterol levels?

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