Movement Through the Membrane

1. Movement Through the Membrane • Which diagram most likely represents the fruits in FRESH WATER? • Which diagram most likely represents the fruits in SALT WATER?

2. Movement Through the Membrane 3. Why do you think supermarkets spray their produce (vegetables) with water?

3. Movement Through the Membrane • Identify each as an example of OSMOSISor DIFFUSION: • The student sitting next to you just came from gym class and forgot to take a shower. • One way to get rid of slugs in your garden is to sprinkle salt on them so they shrivel up. • Making a cup of tea • Leftover salad wilting in the refrigerator • Smoke escaping from the chimney • Stained cotton t-shirt soaking in sink • Smell of perfume spreading through the room • Soaking celery sticks in red water

4. Warm Up • What organelle in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis? • How do the materials needed for photosynthesis enter the plant cell?

5. Chocolate Chip Cookies Directions: PREHEAT oven to 375° F.COMBINE flour, baking soda and salt in small bowl. Beat butter, granulated sugar, brown sugar and vanilla extract in large mixer bowl until creamy. Add eggs, one at a time, beating well after each addition. Gradually beat in flour mixture. Stir in morsels and nuts. Drop by rounded tablespoon onto ungreased baking sheets. BAKE for 9 to 11 minutes or until golden brown. Cool on baking sheets for 2 minutes; remove to wire racks to cool completely. Ingredients: 2 1/4 cups all-purpose flour 1 teaspoon baking soda 1 teaspoon salt 1 cup (2 sticks) butter, softened 3/4 cup granulated sugar 3/4 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 large eggs 2 cups (12-oz. pkg.) semi-sweet chocolate chips 1 cup chopped nuts

6. Let’s Think About the Recipe • What are the ingredients (raw materials)? • What is being made (products)? • What provides the energy for the change to take place? • Did any of the ingredients disappear or get lost during the process? Video Clip: Brain Pop - Photosynthesis

7. Photosynthesis Recipe Card • You will create a “recipe” for photosynthesis to summarize your understanding of this important cell process. • Your recipe must include: • The “ingredients” (raw materials) needed for photosynthesis • The “procedure” or the process that occurs during photosynthesis • The “product” or result of photosynthesis • Illustration of photosynthesis • NEATNESS & COLOR!

8. Photosynthesis Recipe Card See pg. 94 in your textbook… Photosynthesis From the Kitchen Of: (your name) (2) INGREDIENTS: PROCEDURE: (definition of photosynthesis) (2) PRODUCTS: Illustration:

9. Warm Up • Take out your Photosynthesis Recipe Card, and pass it to the front of your row. • What structure allows a plant to carry out photosynthesis? D A C B

10. Cell Energy Photosynthesis & Respiration

11. Cell Energy Foldable

12. Energy • All living things need energy to • Live • Grow • Reproduce • Plants (producers/autotrophs) • Get energy from the sun which they use to make food • Animals (consumers/heterotrophs) • Get energy from their food

13. Photosynthesis • The process by which autotrophs use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food. • Pigments: • Molecules that absorb light energy • Chlorophyll (“fills” chloroplasts) • Main pigment of photosynthesis • Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts - in the leaves of the plant.

14. Raw Materials (“Ingredients”) • Carbon dioxide • Taken into the plant through the stomata • Water • Taken into the plant through the roots Stomata

15. Energy • Sunlight • Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts. • Provides the energy to change the raw materials into the products of photosynthesis.

16. Products • Food • Glucose (a carbohydrate) • Stored by the plant • Oxygen • Released out of the plant through the stomata.

17. Photosynthesis(Illustrate on the cover of your foldable.) Glucose (Carbohydrate)

18. Photosynthesis Chemical Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon + water glucose + oxygen dioxide Light energy “Word” Equation: sunlight PRODUCTS RAW MATERIALS

20. Intervention: Photosynthesis – “Hands” Summary Write a brief sentence in each finger to answer the following questions. Your answers should be written in the hand location identified below. Left Palm—definition of photosynthesis. Left Pinky Finger—Where does photosynthesis occur in a plant cell? Left Ring Finger—Why does photosynthesis occur? Left Middle Finger—What is the chemical equation (words) of photosynthesis? Left Pointer Finger—What are the raw materials of photosynthesis? Left Thumb—What are the products of photosynthesis? * Color the hand GREEN when you finish. *

21. Photosynthesis “Hand” (TOC #38) • Use your left hand drawing to complete. • When you are finished, color the hand GREEN. Formula (in words) Raw Materials: Purpose: Takes place in the _____. Products: Definition: Photosynthesis

22. Photosynthesis Video • Amoeba Sisters – Photosynthesis

23. Got Food! Now What? • Autotrophs • Perform photosynthesis to make food • Heterotrophs • Eat food

24. Cellular Respiration • Respiration (breathing) provides the oxygen needed for cellular respiration, and removes carbon dioxide. • (Cellular) respiration– the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food • In eukaryotes, takes place in the mitochondria.

25. Cellular Respiration • In warm-blooded animals… • Most of the energy from cellular respiration is used to maintain body heat. • The rest is used to form ATP (adenosine triphosphate) – which supplies energy for the cells activities. • ATP = energy • BrainPop - Respiration video clip

26. Cellular Respiration

27. Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 energy +6H2O + 6CO2 glucose + oxygen energy + water + carbon dioxide RAW MATERIALS PRODUCTS This is known as aerobic respiration – it requires oxygen! • aero = air/oxygen

28. Respiration Video • Amoeba Sisters – Respiration • Photosynthesis & Respiration Review WS

29. “Hands” Summary - Respiration • Write a brief sentence in each finger to answer the following questions. Your answers should be written in the hand location identified below: • Right Palm—definition of cellular respiration. • Right Pinky Finger—Where does cellular respiration occur in a plant/animal cells? • Right Ring Finger—Why does cellular respiration occur? • Right Middle Finger—What is the chemical equation of cellular respiration? • Right Pointer Finger—What are the raw materials of cellular respiration? • Right Thumb—What are the products of cellular respiration? • Color your hand drawing red.

30. Respiration “Hand” • Use your right hand drawing to complete. • When you are finished, color the hand RED. Raw Materials: Purpose: Formula (in words) Takes place in the _____. Products: Definition: Respiration

31. Comparing Photosynthesis & Respiration • They have “opposite” equations • The products of one are the raw materials of the other.

32. Fermentation • Some cells are able to obtain energy without oxygen. • Anaerobic respiration • An = without aero = air/oxygen • Fermentation – an energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen. • Provides energy for cells without using oxygen • Less energy is released than in aerobic respiration

33. Fermentation • 2 types: • Alcoholic fermentation • Yeasts • Alcohol, carbon dioxide & small amount of energy are produced • Carbon dioxide causes bread to rise • Lactic-Acid fermentation • Occurs in muscle cells when you are working your muscles very hard. • Build up of lactic acid • Causes muscles to feel weak, tired, & sore