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GEOS–CHEM: The Agony and The Ecstasy

GEOS–CHEM: The Agony and The Ecstasy. Bob Yantosca Software Engineer Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group Harvard University Group Meeting / Telecon 06 October 2004. Topics. Transition to GEOS–4 Met Fields A Summary of Recent Scientific Upgrades to GEOS–CHEM

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GEOS–CHEM: The Agony and The Ecstasy

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  1. GEOS–CHEM: The Agony and The Ecstasy Bob Yantosca Software Engineer Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group Harvard University Group Meeting / Telecon 06 October 2004

  2. Topics • Transition to GEOS–4 Met Fields • A Summary of Recent Scientific Upgrades to GEOS–CHEM • GEOS–CHEM v7–01–02: New User Interface! • Future Directions Appendix: ICARTT NRT Simulations GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  3. Part 1 Transition to GEOS–4 GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  4. Transition to GEOS–4 GEOS–4 Overview • As of October 31, 2002, GEOS–4 is now the “operational” data product generated by NASA GMAO • GEOS–4 is very different than GEOS–3 in many ways: • GEOS–4 uses a different GCM than before (NCAR fvCCM) • GEOS–4 is a hybrid grid (55 vertical levels) • GEOS–4 has a 1 x 1.25 horizontal grid (not 1 x 1!) • Several GEOS–4 quantities have different units than GEOS–3 • Some GEOS–4 fields did not exist in GEOS–3 • Et cetera … • GEOS–CHEM had to evolve to deal with GEOS–4!! GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  5. Transition to GEOS–4 Comparison of GEOS vertical layers in the PBL GEOS–3 has 8 levels up to ~850 hPa, but GEOS–4 only has 4 850 hPa GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  6. Transition to GEOS–4 Differences from GEOS–3 • Some GEOS–4 quantities can be very different than GEOS–3, for example: • Cloud optical depth & cloud mass fluxes • Surface wetness, snow cover, roughness height • Precipitation fields • How does this impact a GEOS–CHEM simulation? • Cloud optical depth  affects J-Values • Cloud mass fluxes  affects cloud convection • Surface wetness & snow cover  affects dust mobilization • Roughness height  affects dry deposition • Precipitation  affects rainout & washout GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  7. Slide fromJ. Logan & S. Wu Transition to GEOS–4 GEOS–4 July mean Cld Frac GEOS–3 July mean Cld Frac Cloud frac does not show up as cloud opt depth! GEOS–4 July mean OPTD GEOS–3 July mean OPTD ???? GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  8. Slide fromJ. Logan & S. Wu Transition to GEOS–4 GEOS–3 Column OPTD, July 2001 GEOS–4 Column OPTD, July 2003 Larger O1D over Asian Subcontient! GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  9. Transition to GEOS–4 GEOS–3 GWET at 0 GMT 2002/07/01 GEOS–4 GWET at 0 GMT 2002/07/01 GEOS–4 is much wetter in Africa, SE Asia & Americas! Abs Diff GEOS–4 – GEOS–3 GWET = surface wetnessranges from 0 (dry) to 1 (totally wet) GWET has important implications for dust mobilization. Where it’s wet you don’t have dust, but mud – this suppresses dust mobilization! 0 4 -0.33 0 0.78 [unitless] GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  10. Transition to GEOS–4 GEOS–3 Z0 at 0 GMT 2002/07/01 GEOS–4 Z0 at 0 GMT 2002/07/01 0.0 1.30 2.60 [m] Abs Diff GEOS–4 – GEOS–3 Roughness height (Z0) is a function of land type and is used for dry deposition computations. The differences in roughness height indicate that GEOS–4 uses a much different land-surface model than GEOS–3. (Don’t know if it’s better!) -1.96 0 1.27 [m] GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  11. Transition to GEOS–4 Differences in the WINDS • Synoptic values (GEOS–3)  Averaged values (GEOS–4) • U and V winds, Specific Humidity, Temperature, Vis. Albedo • GEOS–4 winds required brand-new transport code • We added a totally new version of TPCORE (cf. S-J Lin) • We also installed the LLNL P-Fixer (cf. Phil Cameron-Smith) • TPCORE mass-flux diags were rewritten for GEOS–4 • Brendan Field recently did this; will be added in v7–01–02 • Nested grid does not yet work with GEOS–4 • New TPCORE has yet to be modified for boundary conditions • Also, GEOS–4 horizontal grid is 1 x 1.25, not 1 x 1 GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  12. Transition to GEOS–4 Differences in CLOUD CONVECTION • GEOS–4 cloud convection fields are totally different • GEOS–3 style CLDMAS and DTRAIN are no longer provided • GEOS–4 uses the NCAR convection scheme (cf. P Rasch) • Hack (shallow) convection: HKETA, HKBETA • Zhang/McFarlane (deep) convection: ZMMU, ZMMD, ZMEU • Scheme includes both updrafts & downdrafts • New GEOS–4 met fields required new convection code • Convection code had to be stripped out of MATCH model • We also had to re-install the wet scavenging in cloud updrafts • Almost all of this work was done by Shiliang Wu GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  13. Transition to GEOS–4 Differences between GEOS–4 and GEOS–4 • To complicate matters, there were 2 versions of GEOS–4 • Version 3: (GMAO: 1.3 r7) was made from 2002 thru Jan 2004 • Version 4: (GMAO: 1.4 r2) was introduced in Jan 2004 • GMAO says V4 contains improvements over V3: • New Land Model • Improvements to Skin Temperature analysis • NOAA-17 satellite assimilation • MODIS cloud track winds assimilation over the poles • Relative Humidity fix near surface • Diag wind output stream for stratospheric transport customers http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/operations/recent_mods.php GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  14. Transition to GEOS–4 Differences between GEOS–4 and GEOS–4 • An annoyance: the averaging periods for certain fields were different in GEOS–4 V4 than in GEOS–4 V3 • In GEOS–4 v4, the averaging periods for “A6” fields are the same as in the GEOS–1, GEOS–STRAT, and GEOS–3 • In GEOS–4 v3, the averaging periods for the “A6” fields are shifted 3 hours later than V4. • “A6” fields = 6-hour average fields. In GEOS–4, these include winds, temperature, specific humidity. • IF YOU THINK IT’S CONFUSING, YOU’RE NOT ALONE!  GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  15. Transition to GEOS–4 Times of day when you need to read 6-hr avg met fields Z = “Zulu” = abbreviation for GMT GEOS-1 GEOS-S GEOS-3 GEOS-4 ver. 4 A-6 fields A-3 fields GEOS-4 ver. 3 (now obsolete) A-6 fields A-3 fields From the fvDAS file spec on GMAO’s website Start of day Start of next day GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  16. Transition to GEOS–4 Differences between GEOS–4 and GEOS–4 • File formats between GMAO “raw” data files vary • GEOS–4 V3: most are HDF–EOS; some are HDF • GEOS–4 V4: all files are HDF–EOS • Problems • To process the GEOS–4 V3 files, I had to write new F90 code that could read the HDF data files. • When GEOS–4 V4 was introduced, I didn’t need to use the code to read the HDF reader code anymore. • Some of the file and variable names in GEOS–4 V4 were different from V3, which required me to modify the scripts & code that I used to process the data. • THIS WAS VERY TIME CONSUMING !!!!! GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  17. Transition to GEOS–4 GEOS–CHEM v6–01–05 was 1st GEOS–4 compatible version • This version contained the following features: • Release Date: 09 April 2004 • Could only support GEOS–4 V3 met fields • Introduced support for compiling on Altix platform • Contained new GEOS–4 transport code & LLNL P-fixer • Contained new convection code for GEOS–4 met fields • GEOS–4 Lightning emissions are now scaled to 6 Tg N/yr • Bug fix: ACET emissions are the same independent of grid • Other fixes here and there to enable GEOS–4 met fields • A 1-yr benchmark was done with v6–01–05 (year 2003) • See: www-as.harvard.edu/chemistry/trop/geos/geos_1yr.html GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  18. Transition to GEOS–4 Slide fromJ. Logan Philosophy of 1–year benchmarks: • Conduct simulations that are as similar as possible with two sets of met. data - from different GCMs. Met. data: GEOS–3 run for 2001, GEOS–4 (V3) run for 2003 (same year would have been ideal) Chemical mechanism and reaction rates: Identical Emissions: • Identical—anthropogenic, biomass burning • Scaled to the same annual total—isoprene, NOx from lightning SYNOZ (stratospheric source of ozone) • Spun up for each model (494 Tg/yr in GEOS–4) GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  19. Slide fromJ. Logan Transition to GEOS–4 OH (x 106)MCF lifetime (yr) GEOS-STRAT rvm, V. 4.26 1.21 5.61 Old Chem. Sept. 96-Aug. 97 GEOS-3 V. 5.07.08 1.08 6.53 New chem. 2001 GEOS-4 V. 6.01.05 1.17 5.55 New chem 2003 OH changes by approx 10% from GEOS–3 to GEOS–4!! OzonebudgetGEOS-3GEOS-4GEOS-STRAT Prod. ozone (Tg/y) 4383 50874924 Loss ozone (Tg/y)38304540 4377 O3 P&L are 16–18%larger in GEOS-4 GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  20. Transition to GEOS–4 Slide fromJ. Logan Why did OH change so much? • It is not easy to change mean OH by 10% when the chemistry is the same, water vapor is similar, the ozone column is the same. • One likely candidate is the cloud optical depth, as these are very different in the tropics. GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  21. Slide from J. Logan Too much ozone at high latitudes in winter GEOS-STRAT,GEOS-3, andGEOS-4 GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  22. Transition to GEOS–4 GEOS–4 Summary • GEOS–4 V4 is now the stable, operational GMAO data set • We have GEOS–4 V4 data for 2004 to date • GEOS–4 V3 is now obsolete; 2003 data will be replaced • GMAO is reanalyzing GEOS–4data for years prior to 2004 • This is the CERES reanalysis product • Soon we will have GEOS–4 V4 data from 2001 thru 2004 • GEOS–CHEM v6 & higher are now GEOS–4 compatible • GEOS–CHEM OH & Ozone are higher with GEOS–4 • Likely culprit: lower GEOS–4 cloud optical depths GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  23. Part 2 A Summary of Recent Scientific Upgradesto GEOS–CHEM GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  24. Scientific Upgrades Scientific Upgrades to GEOS–CHEM • The transition to GEOS–4 took longer than planned • For all of the reasons mentioned previously, plus… • Spin-up simulation w/ offline Tagged Ox was necessary in order to generate initial conditions w/ Ox in steady-state (for Synoz) • In the meantime, several additional scientific upgrades had become mature, but were languishing in the pipeline • Black Carbon and Organic Carbon Aerosols (R. Park) • Secondary Organic Aerosols (H. Liao, CALTECH) • Desert Dust Aerosols (D. Fairlie) • Sea Salt Aerosols and SO2 Emissions from Ships (B. Alexander) • These upgrades were fast-tracked to be ready for ICARTT GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  25. Scientific Upgrades Black Carbon & Organic Carbon Aerosols (cf. Rokjin Park): • Adds 4 more transported tracers to previous fullchem sim • Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Black Carbon • Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Organic Carbon • Emissions: • Anthropogenic: From Bond et al 2004 (default) or Cooke et al 1999 with seasonality imposed by R. Park • Biomass: From GEOS–CHEM (default) or Bond et al 2004 • Chemistry: • A fraction of hydrophobic BC & OC  hydrophilic BC & OC • Hydrophobic BC & OC dry deposit • Hydrophilic BC & OC dry deposit and wet deposit • BC & OC aerosols also affect J-values and het chem rates GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  26. Scientific Upgrades Black Carbon & Organic Carbon Aerosols (cf. Rokjin Park): • Emission totals with GEOS–4 2003 (Tg C/yr) are below • 20% of total BC emitted is Hydrophilic • 50% of total OC emitted is Hydrophilic GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  27. Scientific Upgrades Secondary Organic Aerosols (cf. Hong Liao, Caltech): • Adds 9 more transported tracers • ALPH: a-pinene, b-pinene, sabinene, carene, terpenoid ketones • LIMO: Limonene • ALCO: myrcene, terpenoid alcohols, ocimene • SOG1: lump of gas products of ALPH+LIMO+TERP HC ox. • SOG2: gas product of ALCO oxidation • SOG3: gas product of SESQ oxidation • SOA1: lump of aerosol products of ALPH+LIMO+TERP) HC ox. • SOA2: aerosol product of ALCO oxidation • SOA3: aerosol product of SESQ oxidation • You can use these in both the FULLCHEM or OFFLINE AEROSOL simulations! GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  28. Scientific Upgrades Desert Dust Aerosols (cf. Duncan Fairlie): • Adds 4 more transported tracers to G–C fullchem sim • Dust bins w/ Reff = 0.7, 1.4, 2.4, and 4.5 mm • (NOTE: there are 4 transport dust bins, but 7 FAST–J bins) • Emissions: • Source function from either the DEAD model (C. Zender) or from GOCART (P. Ginoux) can be used. DEAD is the default. • DEAD scheme is more detailed than the GOCART scheme, and also takes as input more physical fields • Chemistry: • Dust aerosols both dry settle and dry deposit • Dust aerosols also affect J-values and het chem rates GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  29. Scientific Upgrades Desert Dust Aerosols (cf. Duncan Fairlie): • GEOS–4 dust emissions are 3 – 4 X lower than GEOS–3 • This may be due to the higher surface wetness in GEOS–4 • Duncan is currently looking into this… GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  30. Scientific Upgrades Sea Salt Aerosols (cf. Becky Alexander): • Adds 2 more transported tracers to G–C fullchem sim • Accumulation Mode: Reff = 0.1 – 2.5 mm • NOTE: Accumulation mode seasalt should REALLY be 0.1 – 0.5 mm. This will be the default in v7–01–02. • Coarse Mode: Reff = 2.5 – 10.0 mm • Emissions: • Uses parameterization from Monahan et al (1996) as described by Gong et al (1997) (Ask Becky to explain!) • Chemistry: • Sea salt aerosols wet settle, wet deposit, and dry deposit • Sea salt aerosols also affect J-values and het chem rates GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  31. Scientific Upgrades EMISSIONS Accum Sea Salt, Jan 2003 Coarse Sea Salt, Jan 2003 Accum Sea Salt, Jul 2003 Coarse Sea Salt, Jul 2003 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 [Tg] GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  32. Scientific Upgrades Emission totals for Accumulation Mode and Coarse Mode Sea Salt Aerosols in GEOS–CHEM using GEOS–4 winds for 2003 Units: Tg/yr GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  33. Scientific Upgrades Ship SO2 emissions (cf. Becky Alexander): • Doesn’t add any extra tracers to G–C fullchem simulation • Ship SO2 exhaust is added to anthropogenic SO2 emissions • Emissions • From Corbett et al. • Original emissions are on a 2 x 2 degree grid • Regridded to 2 x 2.5 and 4 x 5 GEOS grids by Becky Alexander • Global Total • 4.2 Tg S/yr is emitted from ship exhaust GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  34. Scientific Upgrades Annual Avg Distribution of SO2 Emissions from Ship Exhaust Great Lakes Rotterdam, NL Major shipping lanes are readily visible in this plot! Annual Total = 4.2 Tg S /yr 0 2.2 4.4 6.6 [Mg S] GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  35. Scientific Upgrades Summary: • GEOS–CHEM v6–02–05 contains the following mature scientific upgrades over v6–01–05 • Black carbon & organic carbon aerosols • Mineral dust aerosols • Sea salt aerosols • Ship SO2 exhaust is added to anthropogenic SO2 emissions • GEOS–CHEM v6–03–02 (internal release) contains • Secondary organic aerosols • GEOS–CHEM v6–02–05, v6–03–02: & higher can use: • GEOS–4 V4 met data • GEOS–4 V3 met data GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  36. Part 3 GEOS–CHEM v7–01–02:New User Interface! GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  37. GEOS–CHEM v7–01–02 Logistical shortcomings in existing GEOS–CHEM versions: • GEOS–CHEM user interface is too confusing! • Switches have to be set in 6 or 7 files to specify output options • It is easy to make mistakes • It is hard to add new functionality • There is LOTS OF HISTORICAL BAGGAGE in the input files • There is a steep learning curve for GEOS–CHEM users • Timeseries diagnostics need rewriting • Tracer #’s were not consistent between ND49, ND50, ND51 • ND48 station timeseries diagnostic output is hard to understand • Timeseries diagnostics were not parallelized GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  38. GEOS–CHEM v7–01–02 • Existing GEOS–CHEM user input files: • input.geos: specifies start & end dates; turn operations on/off • input.ctm: schedule diagnostics and dates for output • inptr.ctm: specifies tracer names & molecular weights • tracer.dat: specifies which tracer constituents are emitted • prodloss.dat: specifies prod/loss families for diagnostic output • diag.dat: specifies which tracers you want to print out • timeseries.dat: specifies options for ND49, ND50, ND51 • These are now all rolled into a single file! • The new input.geos • Some “sneak peeks” of the new input.geos file follow… GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  39. GEOS–CHEM v7–01–02 GEOS-CHEM SIMULATION v7-01-02 ------------------------+------------------------------------------- %%% SIMULATION MENU %%% : Start YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS : 20020915 000000 End YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS : 20020916 000000 Run directory : /users/ctm/bmy/T/run.v7-01-02.2x25/ Input restart file : restart.YYYYMMDDhh Make new restart file? : T Output restart file(s) : restart.YYYYMMDDhh Root data directory : /data/ctm/GEOS_2x2.5/ -- GEOS-1 subdir : GEOS_1/YYYY/MM/ -- GEOS-STRAT subdir : GEOS_STRAT/YYYY/MM/ -- GEOS-3 subdir : GEOS_3/YYYY/MM/ -- GEOS-4 subdir : GEOS_4_v4/YYYY/MM/ Temporary directory : /users/ctm/bmy/TEMP/T1/ Unzip met fields? : F Wait for met fields? : F Global offsets I0, J0 : 0 0 GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  40. GEOS–CHEM v7–01–02 %%% TRACER MENU %%% : Type of simulation : 3 Number of Tracers : 41 Tracer Entries -------> : TR# Name g/mole Tracer Members; ()= em Tracer #1 : 1 NOx 46.0 NO2 (NO) NO3 HNO2 Tracer #2 : 2 Ox 48.0 O3 NO2 2NO3 Tracer #3 : 3 PAN 121.0 Tracer #4 : 4 CO 28.0 (CO) Tracer #5 : 5 ALK4 12.0 (4C) Tracer #6 : 6 ISOP 12.0 (5C) Tracer #7 : 7 HNO3 63.0 Tracer #8 : 8 H2O2 34.0 Tracer #9 : 9 ACET 12.0 (3C) Tracer #10 : 10 MEK 12.0 (4C) Tracer #11 : 11 ALD2 12.0 (2C) Tracer #12 : 12 RCHO 58.0 Tracer #13 : 13 MVK 70.0 Etc . . . GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  41. GEOS–CHEM v7–01–02 %%% TRANSPORT MENU %%% : Turn on Transport : T -- Use Flux Correction?: F -- Fill Negative Values: T -- IORD, JORD, KORD : 3 3 7 Transport Timestep [min]: 30 Use strat O3/NOy BC's : T ------------------------+-------------------------------------------- %%% CONVECTION MENU %%% : Turn on Cloud Conv? : T Turn on PBL Mixing? : T Convect Timestep (min) : 30 ------------------------+-------------------------------------------- %%% DEPOSITION MENU %%% : Turn on Dry Deposition? : T Turn on Wet Deposition? : T GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  42. GEOS–CHEM v7–01–02 %%% EMISSIONS MENU %%% : Turn on emissions? : T Emiss timestep (min) : 60 Include anthro emiss? : T -- scale 1985 to year : 1995 Include biofuel emiss? : T Include biogenic emiss? : T -- Scale ISOP to MONOT?: T Include biomass emiss? : T -- Seasonal biomass? : T -- Scaled to TOMSAI? : F Individual NOx sources :--- -- Use aircraft NOx? : T -- Use lightning NOx : T -- Use soil NOx : T Use ship SO2 emissions? : T GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  43. GEOS–CHEM v7–01–02 • Other improvements in GEOS–CHEM v7–01–02 • Timeseries diagnostics were rewritten for consistency • All logical switches were grouped into a single module • All GEOS–CHEM directory paths grouped into a single module • WETDEP code now parallelizes on the Altix platform • Convection code now parallelizes on the Altix platform • AOD’s can be saved from both fullchem & offline aerosol runs • Tracer array is now allocatable; this will save memory • Family prod/loss diagnostics (ND65) were cleaned up • Mean OH diagnostic (ND23) were cleaned up • Mass-flux diagnostics implemented into GEOS–4 TPCORE • v7– 01–02 should make everyone’s lives MUCH easier! GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  44. GEOS–CHEM v7–01–02 • Thanks to GEOS–CHEM v7–01–02 Beta Testers! • Prasad Kasibhatla • Randall Martin • Aaron von Donkelaar • Becky Alexander • Colette Heald • Brendan Field (for mass-flux diagnostics!) • and others! GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  45. Part 4 Future Directions GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  46. Future Directions • Continue pulling met data for GEOS–4 V4 late-look data • 2001, 2003 is now available • 1996, 1997 may be available soon • JPL is interested in doing the following … • To solve the scalability problem in GEOS–CHEM ?? • To code GEOS–CHEM for MPI parallelization so that it can be used on distributed memory machines (e.g. Linux clusters) • People: • Qinbin Li et al (JPL), • Daven Henze (Caltech), • Hamid Oloso (GSFC), • Bob Y, Jack Yatteau, Daniel Jacob (Harvard) GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  47. Future Directions • Creating an adjoint of GEOS–CHEM • Monika Kopacz, Parvadha Suntharalingam (Harvard) • Dylan Jones (U. Toronto) • Daven Henze (Caltech) • Aerosol microphysics modules • Peter Adams et al (CMU) • Mercury chemistry • Lyatt Jaegle et al (UWA) • Noelle Eckley (Harvard) • CO2 chemistry • Parvadha Suntharalingam (Harvard) GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  48. Future Directions • Interface with CMAQ model • Daewon Byun (U. Houston) • Joshua Fu (U. Tenn) • Rokjin Park (Harvard) • Online data assimilation at GMAO • Steven Pawson (GMAO) • Daniel Jacob (Harvard) • GCAP: Interface with GISS–GCM winds • Loretta Mickley & Shiliang Wu (Harvard) • David Rind, Jean Lerner (GISS) • Etc. GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  49. Future Directions • GEOS–5 is coming! • GEOS–5 will become the operational GMAO data set in 2005 • GEOS–4 will be turned off sometime next year • We will need to evaluate GEOS–CHEM with GEOS–5 fields • Spinup with Synoz Ozone for 10 or 11 years • Emissions will have to be tested (e.g. isoprene, acetone) • Lightning NOx will have to be re-scaled • What if cloud convection / optical depths change again? • We will have to do a 1-year benchmark again • INTEX–B: 2006 • GEOS–CHEM will have to use GEOS–5 fields for this • Visualization website will be set up GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

  50. Appendix ICARTT Near-Real-Time Simulations GEOS-CHEM: The Agony and the Ecstacy

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