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Module for : Analysis of Reservoir Performance Analysis of Production Data

Module for : Analysis of Reservoir Performance Analysis of Production Data. T.A. Blasingame, Texas A&M U. Department of Petroleum Engineering Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843-3116 (979) 845-2292 — t-blasingame@tamu.edu. Analysis of Production Data.

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Module for : Analysis of Reservoir Performance Analysis of Production Data

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  1. Module for: Analysis of Reservoir Performance Analysis of Production Data T.A. Blasingame, Texas A&M U. Department of Petroleum Engineering Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843-3116 (979) 845-2292 — t-blasingame@tamu.edu PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  2. Analysis of Production Data • Production data — "low frequency" (taken at large (or even random) intervals) and "low resolution" (data quality (i.e., accuracy) is minimal). • Simple Analysis: • Rate-time decline curve analysis. • EUR analysis (usually rate-cumulative or variation). • New stuff — advanced analysis based on a simple, yet robust model (e.g., Knowles qg-Gp analysis) • Decline type curve analysis: • Systematic, model-based analysis approach. • Model identification — transient data analysis. • Volume estimates — pseudosteady-state behavior is dictated by material balance (very consistent). PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  3. Production Analysis — Example Case • Rate and pressure profile for a mid-continent (U.S.) gas well, note the daily and seasonal fluctuations in the data. PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  4. Production Analysis — EURAnalysis • Estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) profile for a mid-continent (U.S.) gas well — there is considerable variation in the data. PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  5. Production Analysis — WPA (Data Edit Plot) • Note the transient "spikes" are edited out of the data used for type curve matching. This dataset is more or less typical. PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  6. Production Analysis — WPA Approach • Note that the WPA approach provides a unique analysis/ interpretation of the well performance history. PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  7. Production Analysis — the hard way... • "Van Everdingen-Meyer Method: • "Analysis by simulation" (use analytical solution to define x-axis plotting function). • Considers all of the data, needs a complete model to generate an appropriate analysis/interpretation. • Theoretically simple, practical. • Pro: Theoretically simple and practical (can use field data). • Con: Limited by solution model as well as data quality. • From: SPE 15482 — Whitson and Sognesand (1988). PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  8. Production Analysis — Original Type Curve Approach • "Analytical" rate decline curves: • Data from van Everdingen and Hurst (1949), replotted as a rate decline plot (Fetkovich, 1973). • This looks promising — but this is going to be one really big "type curve." • What can we do? Try to col-lapse all of the trends to a single trend during boun-dary-domination flow (Fet-kovich, 1973). • From: SPE 04629 — Fetkovich (1973). • From: SPE 04629 — Fetkovich (1973). PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  9. Production Analysis — Fetkovich Type Curves • Composite Transient Type Curve: • Collapses the transient flow trends into "stems" related to reservoir size and skin factor (Fetkovich, 1973). • Composite Total Type Curve: • Addition of the "Arps" empirical trends for "boundary-dominated flow behavior (Fetkovich, 1973)." • Assumptions: • Constant bottomhole pressure. • "Liquid" flow (not gas). • From: SPE 04629 — Fetkovich (1973). • From: SPE 04629 — Fetkovich (1973). PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  10. Production Analysis — Fetkovich Type Curves (1) • Fetkovich "Analytical" Type Curve. PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  11. Production Analysis — Fetkovich Type Curves (2) • Fetkovich "Composite" Type Curve (analytical/empirical). PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  12. Production Analysis — Decline Type Curves • Fetkovich Derivative Type Curve: • Good concept, but just try to take the derivative of produc-tion data... • Fetkovich-McCray Type Curve: • Concept is to generate "inte-gral" functions for data analy-sis, much better performance than simply using rate. • Still Need: • Variable pressure/rate methods. • Other models — fractured wells, horizontal wells, etc... • From: SPE 28688 — Doublet, et al (1994). • From: SPE 25909 — Palacio, et al (1993). PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  13. Production Analysis — Decline Type Curves UNFRACTURED Well Case: • Variable Rate/Pressure Approach: • Use "material balance time" (x-axis) and "pressure drop nor-malized rate" (y-axis) functions. • Good news: • New concept provides unique behavior during boundary- dominated flow regime. • Not-So-Good-News: • Wellbore pressure data are critical. • From: SPE 25909 — Palacio, et al (1993). • From: SPE 28688 — Doublet, et al (1994). PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  14. Production Analysis — Decline Type Curves (1) • "Fetkovich-McCray" Type Curve for an Unfractured Well — Production Time Format. PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  15. Production Analysis — Decline Type Curves (2) • "Fetkovich-McCray" Type Curve for an Unfractured Well — Material Balance Time Format. PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  16. Production Analysis — Decline Type Curves • FRACTURED Well Cases • Infinite-conductivity vertical fracture case • Finite-conductivity vertical fracture case(s). • From: SPE 35205 — Doublet, et al (1996). • From: Current Work — Pratikno (2002). • From: Current Work — Pratikno (2002). PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  17. Production Analysis — Decline Type Curves (3) • "Fetkovich-McCray" Type Curve for a Fractured Well (Infinite Conductivity) — Material Balance Time Format. PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  18. Production Analysis — Decline Type Curves (4) • "Fetkovich-McCray" Type Curve for a Fractured Well (FcD=0.5) — Material Balance Time Format. PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  19. Production Analysis — Decline Type Curves (5) • "Fetkovich-McCray" Type Curve for a Fractured Well (FcD=10) — Material Balance Time Format. PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  20. Production Analysis — Decline Type Curves • Horizontal Well Cases — "Infinite-conductivity" horizontal well case(s). • From: SPE 29572 — Shih, et al (1995). • From: SPE 29572 — Shih, et al (1995). • From: SPE 29572 — Shih, et al (1995). PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  21. Production Analysis — Decline Type Curves • Decline Type Curve Analysis: "Break-glass-in-case-of-fire" cases • From: SPE 30774 — Doublet, et al (1995). • From: Unpublished — Marhaendrajana (2002) (multiwell analysis — do not use). • From: SPE 30774 — Doublet, et al (1995). PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  22. Production Analysis — Decline Type Curves (6) • "Fetkovich" Type Curve for an Unfractured Well — Water Influx model ("ramp rate" case). PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  23. Production Analysis — Decline Type Curves • Agarwal, et al Methodology: • Basically the same as Blasingame, et al work. • More like pressure transient test analy-sis/interpretation. • From: SPE 57916 — Agarwal, et al (1998). • From: SPE 57916 — Agarwal, et al (1998). • From: SPE 57916 — Agarwal, et al (1998). PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  24. Production Analysis — Multiwell Analysis • MULTIWELL Analysis • Multiwell case can be "recast" into single well case using cumulative production for entire field. • Homogeneous reservoir example shows that all cases (9 wells) align — same behavior observed for heterogeneous reservoir cases. • From: SPE 71517 — Marhaendrajana (2001). • From: SPE 71517 — Marhaendrajana (2001). • From: SPE 71517 — Marhaendrajana (2001). PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  25. Production Analysis — Reality Check • Production data analyses and pressure transient analyses "see" the reservoir as a volume-averaged set of properties. • New solutions/models will also have this view of the reservoir, but quantifying heterogeneity may be possible by the analysis of data at the "local" level. • Scaling will remain a major issue — regardless of the mechanism used to analyze reservoir performance. • From: Simulator Parameter Assignment and the Problem of Scaling in Reservoir Engineering — Halderson (1986). PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  26. Production Analysis — Future • Future of Production Data Analysis: • Evolutionary changes: • Better data acquisition (major issue). • Multiwell analysis (major issue). • Better software (major issue). • More reservoir/well solutions (minor issue). • Revolutionary changes: • Direct dataflow into integrated packages for analysis/simulation (5-10 years). • Real-time rate-pressure optimization, simul-taneous monitoring and control (5-10 years). PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

  27. Module for: Analysis of Reservoir Performance Analysis of Production Data End of Presentation T.A. Blasingame, Texas A&M U. Department of Petroleum Engineering Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843-3116 (979) 845-2292 — t-blasingame@tamu.edu PETE 324 (03A) — Analysis of Production Data

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