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Causes, Responses, Effects, and Coping with Stress

Explore the main causes of stress, factors that determine one's responses, physical effects of stress, and different coping mechanisms. Learn about defense coping and active coping strategies.

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Causes, Responses, Effects, and Coping with Stress

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  1. Chapter 17 Section 1: What Is Stress? Question: What are some of the main causes of stress? MAIN CAUSES OF STRESS • Frustration – being blocked from obtaining a goal • Daily Hassles – everyday frustrations everyone experiences • Conflict – being pulled in two or more directions by opposing forces or motives

  2. Chapter 17 Section 2: Responses to Stress Question: What are the factors that determine one’s responses to stress? RESPONSES TO STRESS • Self-efficacy Expectations – beliefs people have that they can accomplish goals that they set for themselves • Psychological Hardiness – a personality characteristic that helps people withstand stress • Sense of Humor – the idea that humor lightens the burdens of life

  3. Chapter 17 Section 2: Responses to Stress Question: What are the factors that determine one’s responses to stress? • Predictability – ability to predict a stressor that seems to reduce the amount of stress that it causes • Social Support – presence and interest of other people RESPONSE TO STRESS (continued)

  4. Chapter 17 Section 3: Physical Effects of Stress Question: What is the general adaptation syndrome, and how does stress affect the immune system? GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME • General Adaptation Syndrome – the body’s similar responses to different types of stresses EFFECTS OF STRESS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM • Prevents disease by producing white blood cells that destroy disease-causing microorganisms, worn-out body cells, and cells that have become malignant

  5. Chapter 17 Section 5: Ways of Coping with Stress Question: In what ways can people cope with stress? COPING WITH STRESS – DEFENSE COPING Defense coping – one way to reduce the immediate effects of a stressor • Substance Abuse – use of alcohol, tranquilizers, and other drugs to reduce the feeling of stress • Aggression – use of aggression and violence to cope with stress • Withdrawal – turning away from a stressful situation • Suicide – ultimate form of withdrawal • Defense Mechanisms – protect the ego from anxiety

  6. Chapter 17 Section 5: Ways of Coping with Stress Question: In what ways can people cope with stress? COPING WITH STRESS Active Coping – involves changing the environment or situation to remove stressors or changing one’s response to stress so that it is no longer harmful • Changing stressful thoughts • Relaxation • Exercise

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