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Chapter 10

Chapter 10. Chemical reactions. Evidence of chemical rxns: Change in enthalpy Change in color Formation of a gas Formation of a ppt. Chemical reaction- represented by an equation. 2 C 2 H 2 (g) + 5O 2 (g)  4CO 2 (g) + 2H 2 O (l). Reactants.  Products.

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Chapter 10

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  1. Chapter 10

  2. Chemical reactions • Evidence of chemical rxns: • Change in enthalpy • Change in color • Formation of a gas • Formation of a ppt

  3. Chemical reaction- represented by an equation 2 C2H2 (g) + 5O2 (g) 4CO2 (g) + 2H2O(l) Reactants  Products (aq) a substance dissolved in water • Equations must be balanced • Start with a skeleton eqn •  Never change a subscript Exercises Pg 279 + 282

  4. Synthesis Rxns - 2 or more substances combine 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g)  2NaCl (s) Element or compound + element or compound  compound Combustion Rxns - oxidation reactions—reacting with oxygen Oxidation of a hydrocarbon Produces CO2 (g) + H2O (g) CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g)  CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g)

  5. Single Displacement Rxns - one element displaces another in a compound Br2 (l) + 2KI (s)  2KBr (aq) + I2 (s) 2Al (cr) + 3ZnCl2 (cr)  2AlCl3 (cr) + 3Zn (cr) Note that a nonmetal replaces a nonmetal and a metal replaces a metal, charges add up to zero, and you must use figure 10-10. Element + Compound  Element + Compound

  6. Double Displacement Rxns HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq)  NaCl (aq) + HOH (l) compound + compound  compound + compound Decomposition Rxns - break up into simple substances when energy is supplied (Heat, light, mechanical shock, or electricity) H2CO3(aq)  H2O(l) + CO2(g) 2H2O (l)  2H2 (g) + O2 (g) Compound  2 or more elements or compounds

  7. Rxns in Aqueous Soln’s • Complete chemical eqn • Complete ionic eqn • Net ionic eqn (exclude spectator ions) • Rxns that form ppts

  8. Example:Sodium hydroxide and Copper (II) chloride • Do page 294 33-37

  9. Rxns that form water • Hydrofluoric acid and calcium hydroxide Do page 296 38-42

  10. Rxns that form gases • Hydroiodic acid and potassium sulfide Do page 299 43-46

  11. Quiz • Lead (II) nitrate reacts with potassium iodide - Lead (II) iodide forms a ppt • Write the chemical equation • Write the complete ionic equation • Id all spectators • Write the net ionic equation

  12. Five Types of Chemical Reactions 1. Single Displacement element + compoundelement + compound 2. Double Displacement compound AB + compound CDcompound AD +compound CB

  13. 3. Decomposition compoundtwo or more elements or compounds 4. Synthesis element or compound + element or compound  compound

  14. 5. Combustion hydrocarbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water

  15. Rxns in Aqueous soln’s • Rxns that form ppts • Complete eqn • Complete ionic eqn Spectator ions Net ionic eqn Potassium carbonate and manganese (V) chloride

  16. Rxns that form water Hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide Rxns that form gases Hydroiodic acid and lithium sulfide

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