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Reminders

Reminders. Riis – Due 10/9 ( in class) – Matsuda OUT 10/16 – Study guide #2 out and on website 10/18 – NO CLASS!! 10/23 – Matsuda DUE 10/30 – Exam #2 Thanksgiving Break ...6 more weeks!!. HIST 202 – U.S. HISTORY. Progressive Era, 1901-1918. Origins of Progressivism. Grew out of:

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Reminders

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  1. Reminders • Riis – Due 10/9 ( in class) – Matsuda OUT • 10/16 – Study guide #2 out and on website • 10/18 – NO CLASS!! • 10/23 – Matsuda DUE • 10/30 – Exam #2 • Thanksgiving Break ...6 more weeks!!

  2. HIST 202 – U.S. HISTORY Progressive Era, 1901-1918

  3. Origins of Progressivism • Grew out of: • Industrialization • Immigration • Urban Expansion • Progressivism is PROGRESS!!

  4. Origins of Progressivism • National movement born out of state reforms • Progressive presidents: • Theodore Roosevelt • William Howard Taft • Woodrow Wilson

  5. Attitudes and Motives • Country was changing RAPIDLY! • Industrialized • Non-agrarian • Melting pot of immigrants • Innocence was lost

  6. Attitudes and Motives • Participants were extremely diverse: • Women • Liberal educators • Early civil rights crusaders • Middle-class reformers

  7. Who were Progressives? • Middle-class • Shop owners • Lawyers • Doctors • Ministers • Religious • Social Gospel • Liberals

  8. Scientific Management • Frederick W. Taylor • Conducted research in factories • Timed output cycles • Discovered ways to organize people in efficient manner • Progressives…govt. can be more efficient

  9. The Muckrakers • Made Americans wake up!! • Origins • Henry Demarest Lloyd • Wealth Against Commonwealth (1894)

  10. Popular Literature • Magazines • McClure’s • Collier’s • Cosmopolitan • Authors contributed stories • Books • Lincoln Steffans – The Shame of the Cities • Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives

  11. Decline of Muckraking • Reasons: • Some stories were hard to beat • Magazines were asked to tone down the stories • Corporations had public relation departments • Legal problems

  12. Political Reform in Cities and States • Secret ballots (“Australian Ballot”) • Direct election of Senators – 17th Amendment (1913) • Direct primaries • Robert LaFollette (Wis.) • Let the people decide

  13. Political Reforms • Initiative • Method that voters could compel legislators to consider a bill • Referendum • Allowed voters to vote on the issue • Recall • Allowed voters to get rid of corrupt officials

  14. Social Welfare • Settlement house reformers • Jane Addams • Believed in social justice • Better schools • Better courts • Divorce laws • Criminal reform

  15. Municipal Reform • Get rid of political machines and bosses • Get control of public utilities • Voters elect city managers and commissioners

  16. State Reform • Governors • Battled with corporate interests • Fraudulent companies • Corrupt railroads • Tax reform • Temperance – Wets v. Drys

  17. Occupational Reform • Triangle Shirtwaist Fire • March 25th 1911 • 146 women perished in flames • 71 injured • Blamed poor working conditions • No fire plans • Fire escapes were damaged or locked!!!

  18. Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal • Progressivism shot into gear under Teddy • 1902 Coal Strike • Standard Oil trust • “Bad trusts” • “Good trusts”

  19. T.R.’s Square Deal • Consumer protection • Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) • Meat Inspection Act (1906) • Environmental protection • Newlands Reclamation Act (1902) • U.S. Forest Service (1908) • 150 million acres of land for parks

  20. Taft’s Presidency • Won election of 1908 • Defeated William Jennings Bryan • Busted the most trusts in history • U.S. Steel • Angered Teddy • Split Republican party • Progressives • Republicans

  21. Election of 1912

  22. Woodrow Wilson’s Progressive Program • Pledged “New Freedom” • Attacked the “triple wall of privilege” • Tariffs • Underwood Tariff (1913) • Banking • Federal Reserve Act (1914) • Trusts • Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) • Federal Trade Commission (1914)

  23. Reminders • Riis – due tonight • 10/11 – Study guide #2 and Matsuda OUT and on website • 10/18 – NO CLASS!! • 10/23 – Matsuda DUE • 10/30 – Exam #2 • Thanksgiving Break ...5 more weeks!!

  24. African Americans • 2nd rate citizens • “Separate but equal” • Progressive presidents paid little mind to • Thought there were more pressing issues • Shared in the racist sentiment

  25. Two Approaches – Washington and DuBois DuBois Washington

  26. The Great Migration • Mass migration of blacks from South to northern cities • 1910-1930 • Aided by the Urban League (1911) • Causes • Deteriorating race conditions • Crops decimated by boll weevil • Job opportunities in cities

  27. Civil Rights Organizations • 1905 – Niagara Movement • Dubois • Met at Niagara Falls, Canada • 1908 – NAACP • 1920 – 100,000 members

  28. Progressives and Women • Liberal thinkers - educated • Wanted equal rights as men • Suffragist Movement • Carrie Chapman Catt – National American Woman Suffrage Assn. (NAWSA) • Alice Paul – National Woman’s Party

  29. 19th Amendment • Wilson was VERY reluctant • 1920 – guaranteed women’s right to vote • Aided in women’s rights for • Property • Divorce • Birth control

  30. End of Progressivism • WWI ends Progressivism • Worried about the war • Many reforms were in place • Reformers thought their jobs were done

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