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Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis. Why is protein synthesis so important?. Protein is the key bio-molecule behind all of your traits that are expressed. Hair, skin, eye color, muscle, ETC…. Where does it all begin?. Starts in the nucleus mRNA finds the coding section of DNA.

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Protein Synthesis

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  1. Protein Synthesis

  2. Why is protein synthesis so important? • Protein is the key bio-molecule behind all of your traits that are expressed. • Hair, skin, eye color, muscle, ETC….

  3. Where does it all begin? • Starts in the nucleus • mRNA finds the coding section of DNA. • Coding section of DNA gets unwound by an enzyme (RNA polymerase)

  4. http://www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animations/protein%20synthesis%20-%20long.htmlhttp://www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animations/protein%20synthesis%20-%20long.html

  5. Genetic Engineering Transfer of genetic information from one organism to another. Genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, genetic modification/manipulation (GM) and gene splicing are terms that are applied to the direct manipulation of an organism's genes.

  6. Recombinant DNA GloFish are a type of zebrafish with recombinant DNA. Genes for fluorescent proteins have been inserted into their genome to produce their fluorescent colors.

  7. Recombinant DNA • The use of cloning is interrelated with Recombinant DNA in classical biology, as the term "clone" refers to a cell or organism derived from a parental organism

  8. What is recombinant DNA • The attaching of a section of DNA to another organisms DNA.

  9. How does this work? • The first step is for a restriction enzyme to cut the desired DNA sequence from the donor DNA.

  10. Step 2 • A vector is needed on an area of bacterial DNA where the donor DNA can be placed. • Must be on a plasmid (circular section of DNA)

  11. Step 3 • Ligase is used to attach the donor DNA to the vector DNA.

  12. Why is this so important? • some of the areas where Recombinant DNA will have an impact. • Better Crops (drought & heat resistance) • Recombinant Vaccines (ie. Hepatitis B) • Prevention and cure of sickle cell anemia • Prevention and cure of cystic fibrosis • Production of clotting factors • Production of insulin • Production of recombinant pharmaceuticals • Plants that produce their own insecticides • Germ line and somatic gene therapy

  13. What can we do if everyone has different DNA • Every single person has different DNA. • You get half your DNA from each parent. • By looking at DNA we can tell who peoples parents are. • We can tell if some one committed a crime. • We can check and compare individuals genetic make-ups.

  14. What is the process for doing this? • Gel Electrophoresis: • This method uses specific restriction enzymes which cut the DNA into sections at highly specific sites. • Such as AAAGGG • The size of the fragments will vary depending on where the sequence of bases is located on the DNA.

  15. What is the process for doing this? • Once the DNA has been cut it gets loaded into wells on the gel electrophoresis machine. • This machine uses electric current to push the negatively charged DNA through a gel. • The DNA will start at the negative end and move towards the positive end. • As this occurs smaller pieces will move faster than larger pieces. • The once the process is finished each section of DNA will have stopped at a specific area.

  16. What is the process for doing this? • Once stopped scientists add a stain so the DNA fragments can be seen. • Now you are able to compare some ones DNA with some one else's. • Also called DNA fingerprinting.

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