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CHAPTER EIGHT

CHAPTER EIGHT. PROMOTING SAFETY. RISK FACTOR. AGE CHILDREN AND THE ELDERLY NEED TO BE PROTECTED FROM INJURY PHYSICAL CHANGES OF AGING PUT OLDER PERSONS AT RISK OF ACCIDENTS MOVEMENTS ARE SLOWER AND LESS STEADY. BALANCE IS AFFECTED. HAVE DECREASED STRENGTH

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CHAPTER EIGHT

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  1. CHAPTER EIGHT PROMOTING SAFETY

  2. RISK FACTOR AGE • CHILDREN AND THE ELDERLY NEED TO BE PROTECTED FROM INJURY • PHYSICAL CHANGES OF AGING PUT OLDER PERSONS AT RISK OF ACCIDENTS • MOVEMENTS ARE SLOWER AND LESS STEADY. BALANCE IS AFFECTED. • HAVE DECREASED STRENGTH • DECREASED SENSITIVITY TO HEAT AND COLD • POOR VISION AND HEARING

  3. RISK FACTOR DECREASED MENTAL AWARENESS • CONFUSED PATIENTS MAY PLACE THEMSELVES IN DANGER BECAUSE THEIR JUDGEMENT IS IMPAIRED • A PERSON IN A COMA ( UNCONSCIOUS ) IS TOTALLY HELPLESS AND DEPENDENT ON OTHERS FOR SAFETY

  4. RISK FACTOR IMPAIRED VISION • MAY NOT BE ABLE TO SEE THINGS IN THEIR WAY. MAY BE ACCIDENTALLY POISONED IMPAIRED HEARING • MAY NOT HEAR WARNING SINALS OR FIRE ALARMS IMPAIRED SMELL AND TOUCH • MAY NOT DETECT SMOKE OR GAS ODORS • DECREASED SENSITIVITY TO HEAT AND COLD

  5. RISK FACTOR • IMPAIRED MOBILITY • SOME DISEASES AND INJURIES AFFECT MOBILITY • PERSON MAY BE AWARE OF DANGER BUT UNABLE TO MOVE TO SAFETY

  6. RISK FACTOR MEDICATIONS • MEDICATIONS MAY CAUSE WEAKNESS, DIZZINESS, OR CONFUSION • MEDICATIONS USED TO INDUCE URINATION OR DEFECATION MAY CAUSE THE PATIENT TO FALL WHILE HURRYING TO THE TOLIET

  7. RISK FACTOR STAFF NEGLIGENCE • FAILURE TO CLEAN UP A SPILL • INCORRECT MOVING AND LIFTING TECHNIQUES • IMPROPER USE OF RESTRAINTS • NOT ANSWERING CALL LIGHTS PROMPTLY

  8. THE MOST FREQUENT ACCIDENT IN A HEALTH FACILITY IS A FALL AND THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF A FALL IS WET, SLIPPERY FLOORS.

  9. IDENTIFY THE PATIENT BY CHECKING THE ID BRACLET BEFORE YOU GIVE CARE THE BRACLET HAS THE PERSON’S NAME, ROOM AND BED NUMBER, BIRTH DATE, AGE, AND OTHER IDENTIFYING INFORMATION

  10. ACCIDENT PREVENTION

  11. ACCIDENT PREVENTION ALWAYS ANSWER CALL LIGHTS PROMPTLY SIDE RAILS HELP PREVENT THE PATIENT FROM FALLING OUT OF BED

  12. SAFETY MEASURES TO PREVENT FALLS • HELP WITH ELIMINATION NEEDS • USE CORRECT PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT FOR TRANSFERS • GRAB BARS IN SHOWERS AND BATHROOMS • KEEP BED IN LOWEST HORIZONTAL POSITION • BED RAILS ARE USED ACCORDING TO THE CARE PLAN • CRUTCHES, CANES, AND WALKERS HAVE NON-SKID TIPS • WHEEL LOCKS ON BEDS AND WHEELCHAIRS • NON-SKID FOOTWEAR USED WHEN UP • RESPOND PROMPTLY TO BED AND CHAIR ALARMS

  13. FALL STATISTICS • MOST FALLS OCCUR IN THE EVENING • A HISTORY OF FALLS INCREASES THE RISK OF FALLING AGAIN • FALLS ARE ALSO LIKELY TO OCCUR AT SHIFT CHANGE

  14. BED RAILS THE NURSE AND THE CARE PLAN WILL TELL YOU WHEN TO RAISE THE BED RAILS BED RAILS PREVENT THE PERSON FROM GETTING OUT OF BED – ARE CONSIDERED RESTRAINTS THE PERSON MUST GIVE CONSENT FOR BED RAILS TO BE USED RESTRAINTS MUST HAVE A DOCTORS ORDER YOU MAY LOWER THE RAILS TO GIVE CARE, BUT RAISE THEM BEFORE YOU LEAVE THE BEDSIDE ALWAYS LOWER THE BED TO THE LOWEST POSITION WHEN FINISHED GIVING CARE

  15. HAND RAILS AND GRAB BARS HAND RAILS ARE PLACED IN HALLWAYS TO HELP SUPPORT PERSONS WHO ARE WEAK OR UNSTEADY GRAB BARS ARE IN BATHROOMS AND IN SHOWER AND TUB ROOMS WHEEL LOCKS LOCK WHEELS ON BED WHEN GIVING BESIDE CARE OR WHEN TRANSFERRING TO AND FROM BED WHEELCHAIR AND STRETCHER WHEELS ARE LOCKED DURING TRANSFERS

  16. REPORTING ACCIDENTS AND ERRORS ACCIDENTS ARE RECORDED ON A SPECIAL FORM CALLED AN INCIDENT REPORT.

  17. PREVENTING BURNS • SMOKE ONLY IN SMOKING AREA • DO NOT LEAVE SMOKING MATERIAL AT BEDSIDE • DO NOT ALLOW PERSON TO SMOKE IN BED • DO NOT ALLOW PERSON TO SMOKE NEAR OXYGEN • SUPERVISE HEATING PAD USE • MEASURE BATH WATER TEMPERATURE

  18. PREVENTING POISONING • MAY BE CAUSED BY CONFUSION OR POOR VISION WHEN READING LABELS • CLEANING AGENTS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SHOULD BE KEPT IN LOCKED CABINETS • KEEP PERSONAL CARE ITEMS (SHAMPOO, MOUTHWASH, DEODORANT) AWAY FROM CONFUSED RESIDENTS

  19. PREVENTING SUFFOCATION • CUT FOOD INTO SMALL PIECES • MAKE SURE DENTURES ARE IN PLACE. REPORT LOOSE FITTING DENTURES • REPORT PERSONS WITH SWALLOWING DIFFICULTIES • DO NOT GIVE FLUIDS TO PERSONS WITH FEEDING TUBES • POSITION THE PERSON PROPERLY IN BED • USE RESTRAINTS AND SIDE RAILS CORRECTLY

  20. PREVENTING EQUIPMENT ACCIDENTS DO NOT USE EQUIPMENT WITH FRAYED CORDS DO NOT OVERLOAD ELECTRICAL OUTLETS

  21. SAFETY MEASURES TO PREVENT EQUIPMENT ACCIDENTS • FOLLOW MANUFACTURER’S INSTRUCTIONS • DO NOT USE UNFAMILIAR ITEMS WITHOUT TRAINING • USE ITEM ONLY FOR ITS INTENDED PURPOSE • REPORT BROKEN OR DAMAGED ITEMS • TURN OFF EQUIPMENT BEFORE UNPLUGGING IT

  22. SAFETY MEASURES WITH WHEELCHAIRS • ALWAYS PLACE THE PATIENT’S FEET ON THE FOOTPLATES • ALWAYS LOCK THE WHEELS WHEN TRANSFERRING • CLEAN THE WHEELCHAIR ON A REGULAR BASIS • MOVE THE FRONT RIGGING OUT OF THE WAY WHEN TRANSFERRING

  23. BACK INTO THE ELEVATOR SO THE PATIENT FACES THE FRONT BACK DOWN A RAMP WITH A WHEELCHAIR

  24. STRETCHER SAFETY • IT TAKES TWO WORKERS TO SAFELY TRANSFER A PERSON ON A STRETCHER • FASTEN THE SAFETY STRAPS WHEN A PERSON IS ON A STRETCHER • ALWAYS RAISE THE SIDERAILS ON THE STRETCHER • MAKE SURE THE PERSON’S ARMS AND HANDS ARE INSIDE THE RAIL • PUSH THE STRETCHER FEET FIRST • ONE PERSON STANDS AT THE HEAD AND ONE AT THE FOOT • NEVER LEAVE THE PERSON UNATTENDED

  25. TRANSFER THE PATIENT FEET FIRST DOWN A RAMP ENTER THE ELEVATOR HEAD FIRST

  26. THE FALLING PATIENT

  27. HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE IS ANY CHEMICAL IN THE WORKPLACE THAT CAN CAUSE HARM HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES MUST HAVE WARNING LABELS MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS) AN INFORMATION SHEET ABOUT THE HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL

  28. FIRE SAFETY EXAMPLES OF FIRE HAZARDS

  29. FIND THE SAFETY HAZARDS

  30. FIRE TRIANGLE • THREE THINGS ARE NEEDED FOR A FIRE • A SPARK OR FLAME • A MATERIAL THAT WILL BURN • OXYGEN

  31. OXYGEN SAFETY

  32. YOUR FIRST RESPONSIBILITY IS TO REMOVE ALL PATIENTS WHO ARE IN IMMEDIATE DANGER. CLOSE ALL DOORS AND CLEAR THE HALLWAY OF EQUIPMENT DO NOT USE THE ELEVATOR IN A FIRE

  33. KNOW WHERE THE EXITS ARE LOCATED

  34. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS TYPE A – IS USED ON PAPER, WOOD, OR TRASH CAN FIRES TYPE B – IS USED ON FLAMING LIQUIDS, SUCH AS OIL OR GREASE TYPE C – IS USED FOR ELECTRICAL FIRES TYPE ABC – IS USED FOR ALL KINDS OF FIRES AND IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE FOUND IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES

  35. TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER • P- PULL THE SAFETY PIN • A- AIM THE EXTINGUISHER TOWARD THE BASE OF THE FIRE • S -SQUEEZE DOWN ON THE HANDLE • S- USE A SWEEPING MOTION OVER THE BASE OF THE FIRE

  36. RESCUE TECHNIQUES ONE PERSON – ONE RESCUER

  37. RESCUE TECHNIQUES

  38. RESCUE TECHNIQUES TWO RESCUER TECHNIQUE

  39. WORKPLACE VIOLENCE • VIOLENT ACTS DIRECTED TOWARD PERSONS AT WORK • TO DEAL WITH AGGRESIVE PERSONS • STAND AWAY FROM THE PERSON • STAND CLOSE TO THE DOOR • KEEP YOUR HANDS FREE • STAY CALM • DO NOT TOUCH THE PERSON • LEAVE THE ROOM AS SOON AS YOU CAN • TELL THE NURSE OR SECURITY OFFICER

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