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Transporting CO 2

Transporting CO 2. John Davison IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme Workshop on CCS, KEPRI, 19 th October 2007. How can CO 2 be Transported?. Onshore. Offshore. Pipeline. Ship. Truck/rail. Or any combination. CO 2 Phase Diagram. Large pipelines. Ships. CO 2 Compression.

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Transporting CO 2

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  1. Transporting CO2 John Davison IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme Workshop on CCS, KEPRI, 19th October 2007

  2. How can CO2 be Transported? Onshore Offshore Pipeline Ship Truck/rail Or any combination

  3. CO2 Phase Diagram Large pipelines Ships

  4. CO2 Compression • Dakota Gasification Plant • CO2 for Weyburn EOR project • MAN Turbo geared centrifugal compressors • Power ~14 MW • Mass Flow: 125 tonnes/hr • Inlet Pressure: 1 bar • Discharge Pressure: 190 bar • 2 units started operation in 2000 • 3rd unit started operation in June 2006

  5. Pipeline Transmission • Pipeline transmission of CO2 is well established • Large pipelines have been used to supply CO2 for EOR since the early 1970s • Most pipelines are in the USA (Texas/New Mexico) • About 4000 km are in use today • Most of the CO2 is from natural sources • Individual pipeline capacities are up to 20 Mt/y

  6. Weyburn Pipeline • Pipeline from USA to Canada • 330 km long • CO2 from coal gasification used for enhanced oil recovery • CO2 contains about 1% H2S and traces of mercaptans • Good for detecting small leaks

  7. CO2 Pipeline Design • Pipeline pressures: 10-20 MPa (existing pipelines) • CO2 is a “dense phase” fluid (about 0.8 t/m3) • No free water to avoid corrosion and hydrate formation • Special steels are not required • Non-condensibles, e.g N2 should not exceed 4mol%

  8. Pipeline Safety • CO2 is not flammable or explosive • CO2 is an asphyxiant and is heavier than air • Leaking CO2 may accumulate in low-lying places • Odourless and colourless, so difficult to detect • The number of incidents per pipeline-km is similar for existing CO2 and natural gas pipelines • No deaths or injuries from CO2 pipeline accidents • Existing pipelines are mostly is sparsely populated regions • Existing pipelines pass through some small built-up areas • Further work is needed to assess potential hazards in some situations, e.g. for offshore EOR

  9. Shipping CO2 by Tanker • CO2 can be transported by ship as a liquid • Typically >0.6 MPa, <-55°C • CO2 tankers are similar to LPG tankers • Ships could be attractive • For long distances • For small, short term projects CO2 tanker LPG tanker Large LPG tanker

  10. CO2 Pipeline Costs Source: IPCC Special Report on CCS

  11. CO2 Transmission Costs Transport of 6Mt/y of CO2 Source: IPCC Special Report on CCS

  12. Summary • CO2 pipelines have operated for many years • Existing pipelines have a good safety record • Further work is needed to assess potential hazards in some circumstances • Ships could be attractive in some cases • Ships for CO2 are similar to LPG tankers

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