1 / 17

Alkanes

Introduction to Organic Chemistry:. Alkanes. Organic Chemistry. Largest Chemistry Field in the Modern World Medicines Plastics Synthetics Fuels. All Due to…. Carbon Forms 4 Strong Covalent Bonds Makes countless combinations of molecules all based on Carbon

kasa
Download Presentation

Alkanes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

  2. Organic Chemistry • Largest Chemistry Field in the Modern World • Medicines • Plastics • Synthetics • Fuels

  3. All Due to… • Carbon • Forms 4 Strong Covalent Bonds • Makes countless combinations of molecules all based on Carbon • Must NAME them carefully to allow others to reproduce them

  4. Organic Prefixes # of Carbons 1. Meth- 2. Eth- 3. Prop- 4. But- 5. Pent- 6. Hex- 7. Hept- 8. Oct- 9. Non- 10. Dec-

  5. To Begin • We start with the simplest type of organic molecule • Alkane • Saturated Hydrocarbons • Maximum amount of Hydrogens • Only Single Bonds between Carbons

  6. Naming [Stem] • Work Backwards • Start with the ending –ane • means “Only Single Bonds” • Find longest unbroken line of carbons. This stem determines the prefix. (meth-, eth-, etc)

  7. Naming [Branches] • Circle all carbon groups not on the stem, these are branches • Name them using the same prefixes, but an –ylending • 1 Carbons = Methyl, 2 Carbons = Ethyl • 3 Carbons = Propyl, 4 Carbons = Butyl

  8. Naming [Order] • Arrange branches alphabetically • Add extra prefixes if there are multiple of the same branch instead of rewriting them. • 2 of same = Di,3of same = Tri Ex: dimethyl = 2branches w/ 1 carbon each

  9. Naming [Numbering] • Number the carbons on the stem • Start at the end closest to a branch • Record the # of the attached stem carbon next to each branch • These numbers are addresses, explaining where a branch is on the stem (location, not amount)

  10. Example 6 : Arrange Branches Alphabetically ethyl methyl octane 7 : Extra Prefixes (di & tri) ethyl dimethyl octane 8 : Number Carbons (near branch) ethyl dimethyl octane 9 : Label branches (use stem address) 4-ethyl 3,5-dimethyl octane 1&2 : Start Backwards, -ane ending -ane 3 : Find Stem (Longest Line of C) octane 4 : Circle Branches (C not on Stem) octane 5 : Name Branches (prefix-yl) octane 3 Carbons 4 Carbons • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 • 1 Methyl Ethyl Methyl

  11. Decoding the Name 4-ethyl 3,5-dimethyl octane It is all about Decoding the Name. This is why the name must be carefully constructed.

  12. Where is the Stem? 5 C 6C 6C 8C Either of these works, and have same name 8C

  13. Try Naming it! Click for Answer 5 6 7 8 4 3 2 1 2,5-dimethyl octane

  14. Practice #1 Click for Answer 7 6 5 4 3 8 2 9 1 2,5,6-trimethyl nonane

  15. Practice #2 4-ethyl 2,3,3-trimethyl hexane Click for Answer 1 2 3 4 5 6

  16. Practice #3 Click for Answer 6 5 4 3 2 1 7 8 9 10 7,8-diethyl 2,3,6-trimethyl decane

  17. Writing Organics • Make your life easy! • Straight Stem starting at #1 • 2,2,6-trimethyl heptane Notice: each C has 4 Bonds when finished. Lines + H = 4 for each C #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7

More Related