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The dynamics of planetary atmospheres

The dynamics of planetary atmospheres. Theoretical concept is formulated in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics – the dynamics of stratified fluid on a rotating sphere. Hadley cell circulation. easterly (passat) flow. Solar flux. tidal buldge. convective flow. westerly jet.

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The dynamics of planetary atmospheres

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  1. The dynamics of planetary atmospheres Theoretical concept is formulated in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics – the dynamics of stratified fluid on a rotating sphere

  2. Hadley cell circulation easterly (passat) flow Solar flux tidal buldge convective flow westerly jet

  3. “Primitive” equations:fluid on a rotating sphere momentum energy continuity eqn. of state modifications absolute vorticity Boussinesq approximation: everywhere but gravity

  4. Spherical coordinate system: z, w y, v x, u

  5. Useful numbers Coriolis parameter -plane approximation Rossby parameter Rossby number

  6. Adjustments equation of horizontal motion geostrophic approximaton hydrostatic approximation

  7. Ro << 1thermal wind equation Opposite case: Ro >> 1 cyclostrophic approximation

  8. Wave motion in the atmosphere • Elasticity sound • Buoyancy gravity waves • Coriolis force inertial waves Planetary-scale forced oscillations of any type are called tides

  9. acoustic waves

  10. gravity waves -potential temperature Brunt-Vajsala frequency For non-vertically propagating waves, Group velocity

  11. Rossby waves Search for the solution in form

  12. Eliminating P and use incompressibility,

  13. Solsticial circulation on Mars Solar flux thermal tide westerly jet Rossby waves

  14. Water vapor column: Ls = 92, North hemisphere[kg/m2] 180 0

  15. Water vapor column: Ls = 113, North hemisphere[kg/m2] 180 0

  16. Water vapor column: Ls = 143, North hemisphere[kg/m2] 180 0

  17. OMEGA observations of the residual seasonal frost around South pole. Ls = 236-2431.5 m band depth

  18. Ls=127-136 Ls=113-115 Ls=93-97

  19. Cyclonic vortices Anticyclonic vortex

  20. VIRTIS image of the Southern Polar vortex @ 5.0 µm Venus case (symmetric mode) multiple Hadley cells? convective flow thermal tide superrotation

  21. VIRTIS image of the Southern Polar vortex @ 5.0 µm

  22. Titan: another superrotating atmosphere Mingalev et al., 2008

  23. Vertical velocity on Titan: a signature of thermal tide z=550 km

  24. Giant planets zones belts

  25. Hot spot

  26. Polar vortex

  27. 32 km/pix

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