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3.4 Learning Theories- Cognitive. What is Adam’s closed loop theory? What is insight learning?. Cognitive theories. Developed as a result of the criticisms of operant conditioning… Stress the importance of what the brain does with the information that it receives
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3.4 Learning Theories- Cognitive What is Adam’s closed loop theory? What is insight learning?
Cognitive theories Developed as a result of the criticisms of operant conditioning… • Stress the importance of what the brain does with the information that it receives • Reject the concept that we respond to stimulus in an unthinking way. • Require the learner to understand what they are trying to achieve
Cognitive theory of learning Suggests we learn by working out the solutions to problems ourselves • A performer needs to think about and understand what is required, rather than simply developing a series of response to various stimuli. • Focus is on whole skill rather than a particular aspect • The problem will be solved as a whole using previous knowledge and experience • Mark Cavendish knows he hasa better sprint finish than anyone so others will set off hard to combat it. • Roger Federer used to be know for a weaker backhand so people would hit to it, know is arguably his best shot
Adam’s Closed Loop Theory • Movement is initiated by memory trace (Motor programme stored and developed through experience) • Movement is controlled by the perceptual trace (Skill learning requires development through feedback) • Movement is compared to your stored motor programme by the perceptual trace • If there is a mismatch you will attempt to eliminate it by changing the movement • Learning is a process of eliminating errors Feedback detects errors
Insight Learning Learner suddenly gets an insight into the task, puts connections together and makes dramatic improvement • Struggle for a while • Then suddenly it ‘clicks’ into place It is a combination of both internal and external Links to the theory that the ‘whole is greater than the sum of the parts’ • It is the relationship and transition between the parts which is the most vital part • Needs to understand the skill as a whole before it can be correctly performed • Means that teachers/coaches need to supply a variety of learning situations to gain the full ‘insight’
