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AEROSOLS: types

AEROSOLS: types. LIQUIID. SOLID. Dust Smoke Fly ash pollen. Cloud Mist Fog smog. Mount manitoba, June 1991. Asian brown cloud over China. AEROSOLS: sources. DUST. SEA. Dust Smoke Fly ash pollen plant fragments cement brake lining tires soil. chemical concentration

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AEROSOLS: types

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  1. AEROSOLS: types • LIQUIID • SOLID • Dust • Smoke • Fly ash • pollen • Cloud • Mist • Fog • smog

  2. Mount manitoba, June 1991

  3. Asian brown cloud over China

  4. AEROSOLS: sources DUST SEA • Dust • Smoke • Fly ash • pollen • plant fragments • cement • brake lining • tires • soil chemical concentration factor (surface effects) CCF = [aerosol]/[sea]

  5. AEROSOLS: sizes • > 400 nm scatter light • < 0.01 micron coagulate • > 10 micron settle out • Typical size: 0.1-1 micron

  6. AEROSOLS: how to measure them • Alphabet soup: • COH • TSP • IP • TDF • PM10 • light scattering • collecting on filters

  7. AEROSOLS: how to measure them • Alphabet soup: • COH • TSP • IP • TDF • PM10 Coefficient of Haze Draw 300 meters through a filter measure absorbance x 100 >6 bad for asthma typical samples 5-10 micron

  8. AEROSOLS: how to measure them • Alphabet soup: • COH • TSP • IP • TDF • PM10 Total Suspended Particulate Weighing after filtering Units: μg/m3 “normal” ~ 10 μg/m3 sometimes 500 μg/m3 in cities

  9. AEROSOLS: how to measure them • Alphabet soup: • COH • TSP • IP • TDF • PM10 Inhalable Particulates Generally IP ~ 0.45 TSP

  10. AEROSOLS: how to measure them • Alphabet soup: • COH • TSP • IP • TDF • PM10 Total Dust Fall units: g m-2 month-1 should be < 7 g m-2 month-1 often exceeded in industrial areas

  11. AEROSOLS: how to measure them • Alphabet soup: • COH • TSP • IP • TDF • PM10 Particulate matter < 10 micron PM10 = TSP < 10 μ

  12. 50% (by mass) of a set of particles are less then 10 micron and 50% are between 10 and 20 micron. PM10 is what percentage of PM20? [A] 0.1 % [B] 10 % [C] 16 % [D] 50 % [E] 95 %

  13. 50% (by mass) of a set of particles are 10 micron and 50% are 20 micron. All particles larger than 10 micron are filtered out. How much does the total number of particles go down? [A] by 50% [B] by less than 50% [C] by more than 50% [D] It depends on the type of particle

  14. 10% (by mass) of a set of particles are 10 micron and 50% are 20 micron. All particles larger than 10 micron are filtered out. How much does the total surface area go down? [A] by 50% [B] by less than 50% [C] by more than 50% [D] It depends on the type of particle

  15. Wet deposition dry deposition coagulation

  16. Combustion Products. Fly-ash vs. bottom-ash 150 PAHs With 2 – 7 rings

  17. Particulate air quality in major world cities. Values are annual PM10 means. Horizontal line is WHO air quality guideline

  18. NASA satelite image ogNox from ships

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