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Chemical Reactions (Chemical Rx)

By Ollie Auerbach. Chemical Reactions (Chemical Rx). A chemical Reaction. A process in which atoms of the same or different elements rearrange themselves to form a new substance. While they do so, they either absorb heat or give it off

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Chemical Reactions (Chemical Rx)

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  1. By Ollie Auerbach Chemical Reactions(Chemical Rx)

  2. A chemical Reaction • A process in which atoms of the same or different elements rearrange themselves to form a new substance. While they do so, they either absorb heat or give it off http://www.weldonryan.com/images/chemical_reaction_final.png http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/chemical%20reaction

  3. Chemical Reaction Basics • What is happening during a chemical reaction? • Reactants react to form products. • Reactants- the materials that exist before the chemical reaction • Products- substances that are created by the chemical reaction • Atoms are only rearranged. • No new atoms are created. • What part of atoms are affected by chemical reactions? • A chemical reaction involves the motion of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction

  4. Signs of a chemical reaction • Bubbling • Change in temperature • Light is emitted • Change in color • Energy is produced • A gas is produced • A precipitate forms ( chemical reaction that forms a solid powder from two liquid substances) • http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t046/T046403A.jpg • http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/reactions/symptoms.shtml

  5. Law of Conservation Mass • In a chemical reaction, matter is neither gained or lost • Or more simply put, the mass of substances produced (products) by a chemical reaction is always equal to the mass of the reacting substances (reactants). • http://www.mi.mun.ca/users/edurnfor/1100/atomic%20structure/tsld004.htm http://www.biochem.northwestern.edu/holmgren/Glossary/Definitions/Def-L/law_conservation_of_mass.html • http://www.tea.state.tx.us/student.assessment/resources/online/2006/grade10/science/images/40graphicaa.gif

  6. Energy in Chemical Reactions • Chemical reactions always involve a change in energy. Energy is neither created or destroyed. Energy is absorbed or released in chemical reactions. Chemical reactions can be described as endothermic or exothermic reactions. http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/8th/matter/sciber/chemtype.htm http://www.beaconhurst.stirling.sch.uk/departments/science/chem7.jpg

  7. Exothermic/ Endothermic Reactions Exothermic Endothermic • Energy is released • The energy released was originally stored in the chemical bonds of the reactants. • Any reaction that involves combustion (burning) is an exothermic chemical reaction. • Often the heat given off causes the product(s) to feel hot • Ex. – Dissolving ammonia chloride into water, • Ex. - 2H2+O2 changesto 2H2O • http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/8th/matter/sciber/chemtype.htm • Energy is absorbed • Energy is required for reaction to happen • Energy absorbed is usually electrical energy or heat energy • Ex. –Photosynthesis, • sunlight + 6CO2(g) + H2O(l) = C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g)

  8. Activation Energy • Energy that must be overcome for a chemical reaction to occur • The energy often needed to initiate a certain process • http://chemistry.twu.edu/tutorial/activation-energy.gif • http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-definition/Activation_energy/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activation_energy

  9. Chemical Potential Energy • Energy that is stored and can be transformed into other forms of energy • Sound • Heat • Electricity • Light http://www.chemistryland.com/CHM107/Energy/HydrogenElectronNoSpring.jpg

  10. Combustion • The act or process of burning • O2 will always be a reactant in a combustion reaction • When something burns it is almost always a combustion reaction • Combustion reactions are almost always exothermic (Give off heat) • An example- the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen, which is a commonly used reaction in rocket engines: • 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O(g) + heat. The result is water vapor. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion • http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/chemical%20reactions/combustion.html • http://www.ueberbill.com/images/ROCKET.jpg

  11. Decomposition • The state of being reduced into original elements. (breaking down, disintegration) • Opposite of combination reactions • Compound decomposes (splits up) • Basic formula- AB ---> A + B • An example- Water broken down into hydrogen and oxygen • 2H2O → 2H2 + O2 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_decomposition

  12. Synthesis • The combining of separate elements or substances to form a whole. • Basic Formula- A + B ---> AB • Examples- • 2Na + Cl2 → 2 NaCl (formation of table salt) • 4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3 (iron rusting) • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_synthesis • http://www.dearbornschools.org/schools/dcmst/staff/whittaker/NaCl123.gif

  13. Single Displacement • An element trades places with another element in a compound. • Basic Formula- A + BC ---> AC + B • An example- magnesium replaces hydrogen in water to make magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas • Mg + 2 H2O ---> Mg(OH)2 + H2 • http://misterguch.brinkster.net/6typesofchemicalrxn.html • http://www.hempfieldarea.k12.pa.us/webdir/MILLERS/sd%20reaction.png

  14. Double Displacement • Cations and Anions of two different molecules switch places two form to totally different compounds. • Basic Formula- AB + CD ---> AD + CB • An example- The reaction of lead nitrate with potassium iodide to form lead iodide and potassium nitrate • Pb(NO3)2 + 2 KI ---> PbI2 + 2 KNO3 • http://www.hempfieldarea.k12.pa.us/webdir/MILLERS/dd%20reaction.png • http://misterguch.brinkster.net/6typesofchemicalrxn.html

  15. Bibliography • “Chemical Reaction Definition-” • http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/chemical%20reaction • “Chemical Reactions” • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction • “Ten Signs of a Chemical Change” • http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/reactions/symptoms.shtml • “The Law of Conservation Mass” • http://www.mi.mun.ca/users/edurnfor/1100/atomic%20structure/tsld004.htm • “Law of Conservation Mass- Definition” • http://www.biochem.northwestern.edu/holmgren/Glossary/Definitions/Def-L/law_conservation_of_mass.html • “Types of Chemical Reactions” • http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/8th/matter/sciber/chemtype.htm • “Activation Energy” • http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-definition/Activation_energy/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activation_energy • “Combustion” • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion • “Combustion Reactions” • http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/chemical%20reactions/combustion.html

  16. Bibliography Continued • “Chemical Decomposition” • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_decomposition • “Chemical Synthesis” • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_synthesis • “The Six Types of Chemical Reactions” • http://misterguch.brinkster.net/6typesofchemicalrxn.html

  17. Chemical Reaction Power Point By Ollie Auerbach http://www.chemistryland.com/CHM130/IconChemicalReactions.jpg

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