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China

China. Tang & Song Dynasties Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty. Background. Han Dynasty collapsed in A.D. 220 Fighting occurred for the next 300 years Sui rulers reunified China Short dynasty (581-618) Built the Grand Canal that connected north and south China. Grand Canal Route. Grand Canal.

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China

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  1. China Tang & Song Dynasties Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty

  2. Background • Han Dynasty collapsed in A.D. 220 • Fighting occurred for the next 300 years • Sui rulers reunified China • Short dynasty (581-618) • Built the Grand Canal that connected north and south China Grand Canal Route Grand Canal

  3. Golden Ages of China Tang & Song dynasties • Extended influence into new lands • Tried to end corruption • Restored civil service system for government positions • Applicants had to pass an exam based on Confucianism • Candidates for the civil service exam became the scholar-gentry class which replaced the old landed aristocracy as the political and economic elite of Chinese society

  4. Inventions-Song & Tang Dynasties • Invention of printing in 700s w/wood blocks • Song printers created movable type • Gunpowder-first used in fireworks then in guns & cannons • Porcelain became important trade item • Steel invented 900 years before Europeans, used for swords and farm tools

  5. Golden Ages of China • Prosperity • Limited power of the wealthy • Took land to give to peasants • Growing trade  more jobs for merchants & craftspeople • Population of cities grew

  6. Tang Dynasty 618-907 • Expanded the area of Chinese rule • China’s influence spread to Korea, Japan & SE Asia through trade • Fall of the Dynasty • Peasant unrest of high taxes • Emperor overthrown 907 • Civil wars followed • 960-a Song general declared himself emperor

  7. Song Dynasty 960-1279 • Rebels within empire • Mongols began invading in 1215

  8. Yuan Dynasty • 1279, Kublai Khan overthrew the Song Dynasty • Declared himself ruler of China • Called his dynasty Yuan • Allowed conquered Chinese bureaucrats to remain in place at the local level • Top level jobs were filled by Mongols • Chinese required to pay tribute to Mongol rulers • No Chinese could serve in the army

  9. Kublai Khan • Re-established law & order in China • Roads were built & revived trade along the Silk Road • Marco Polo spent 20 years in China during this period • China prospered • Was not satisfied with his empire • Sent troops to Japan & SE Asia • Only conquered Vietnam

  10. Later Yuan Rulers • Could not keep peace & order • Later emperors were corrupt • Peasants angry about high taxes for military campaigns • Fall of the Empire • In 1368 a monk led an army of peasants against the Mongols • Ming Hong Wu established himself emperor of China • Started the Ming Dynasty

  11. Ming Dynasty • Yong Le took over in 1398 • Sent an army to retake Vietnam • Great Wall strengthened • Built the Imperial City • Emperor’s palace & government offices • Gardens, courtyards & waterways • To show off China’s wealth & power

  12. The Imperial City

  13. Explorations by Zheng He • Seven trips to explore SE Asia, India & Arabian Peninsula • 1st Voyage • 28,000 sailors, merchants & soldiers • 62 ships • Largest: 440 ft. long & 1500 tons • Voyages ended after Yong Le’s death

  14. Why did voyages end? • Possibly influence of Confucianism • Honored tradition & exploration brought new ideas • New ideas would upset tradition • Cost may have been too much • Ships limited to how far they could travel • Chinese decided their ways were best

  15. Ming Dynasty Weakened • Declined slowly • Final blow • Peasant revolt that overthrew the government in 1644 • The Manchus • Took the opportunity & conquered China • Founded the Qing Dynasty

  16. Japan & Korea

  17. Japan • Archipelago (chain of many islands) • People settled in Japan in 3000 B.C. • By A.D. 1st & 2nd c., they were living in clans • Farmers & small number of wealthy aristocrats • A.D. 500 one clan, Yamato, gained power

  18. Yamato Clan • Leader became an emperor & high priest of Shinto • Claimed that the emperor descended from the goddess of the sun • Emperor worshipped as a god until 1945 • Other clans still powerful • Yamato ruled only in name by 700s • Fujiwara family held real power

  19. Fujiwara Clan • Gained power in 2 ways • Filled government positions • Married into the Imperial family • Yamato & Fujiwara clans ignored what was going on in the provinces • Wealthy families resisted the government’s centralization • Weakened it however they could • Resulted in civil wars by the 1100s

  20. Shogunate Rule • 1192, Minamoto Yorimoto • Ended civil war through alliances & force • Kept emperor as figurehead • Took title of “shogun” or military commander • Real power lay with him • New gov’t structure called shogunate • Yorimoto’s shogunate was Kamakura • Lasted about 140 years • Ended after Mongol invasion in 1281 • In 1333, it was toppled by the Ashikaga

  21. Shogunate Rule • Under the first 2 shogunates, Japan adopted feudalism (system in which nobles offer protection & land in return for service) • Connection between shogun & daimyo • Daimyos owed the shogun loyalty & service in exchange for land • Below daimyos, were their vassals & samurai • Soldiers who fought for any daimyo were called ronin • Then peasants, farmers & craftworkers • At the bottom, merchants (why?)

  22. Comparison of European & Japanese Feudalism

  23. Warrior Classes-Knights & Samurai • Similarities: • Emphasized loyalty, bravery, and honor • Lord-vassal relationship • Family lineage important

  24. Differences: • Lord-vassal relationship based on moral code in Japan and legal code in Europe • Japanese women were encouraged to be tough while the chivalry in Europe put women on a pedestal as fragile, inferior

  25. Korea • Strongly influenced by Chinese ideas • Han took control in 109 B.C. • Ruled by China until 220 • Silla Dynasty ruled from 668-918 • 1231-1350s, ruled over by Mongols • Korea under Chinese authority • Peace • Gained from Chinese culture • Adapted Chinese culture to fit their own

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