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Research on Supported Employment in the United States. Robert Evert Cimera, Ph.D. Kent State University rcimera@kent.edu. Question #1: The Costs and Benefits of SE. The Costs and Benefits of SE. Workers’ Perspective. Benefits Wages Earned Fringe Benefits. Costs
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Research onSupported Employment in the United States Robert Evert Cimera, Ph.D. Kent State University rcimera@kent.edu
Question #1: The Costs and Benefits of SE
The Costs and Benefits of SE Workers’ Perspective • Benefits • Wages Earned • Fringe Benefits • Costs • Reduction in Governmental Subsidies • Taxes Paid • Forgone Wages
Is SE a Good Investment for Workers? • Benefits (per month): $623.77 (3,595 NOK) • Costs (per month): $148.52 • (856 NOK) • Benefit-Cost Ratio…………………. 4.20 104,213 Supported Employees with Intellectual Disabilities (2002-2007)
Is SE a Good Investment for Workers? • With Multiple Disabilities: • Benefit-Cost Ratio…………………. 4.07 • Without Multiple Disabilities: • Benefit-Cost Ratio…………………. 4.27 231,204 Supported Employees (2002-2007)
The Costs and Benefits of SE Taxpayers’ Perspective • Benefits • Taxes Paid • Reduction in Governmental Subsidies • Savings from Alternative Program (Sheltered Placements) • Costs • SE Program costs • Reduced taxes due to employer tax credits.
Is SE a Good Investment for Taxpayers? • Benefits (per month): $795.65 (4,577 NOK) • Costs (per month): $544.31 • (3,131 NOK) • Benefit-Cost Ratio…………………. 1.46 231,204 Supported Employees (2002-2007)
Benefit-Cost Ratios by Condition • Traumatic Brain Injuries……………… 1.17 • Intellectual Disabilities……………….. 1.20 • Sensory Impairments………………… 1.35 • Autism…………………………………. 1.62 • Physical Disabilities………………….. 1.66 • Mental Illnesses………………………. 1.68 231,204 Supported Employees (2002-2007)
Costs of Sheltered v Supported Total Costs Sheltered $19,388 (111,539 NOK) Percent of Total Costs Source: Cimera (2008) 171 Sheltered & 56 Supported Employees with Intellectual Disabilities from same adult service agencies
Costs of Sheltered v Supported Total Costs Sheltered $19,388 Supported $6,619 (38,079 NOK) Percent of Total Costs Source: Cimera (2008) 171 Sheltered & 56 Supported Employees with Intellectual Disabilities from same adult service agencies
Question #2: Hiring Workers with Disabilities
Hiring Workers with Disabilities • Better return-on-investment hiring SE • Kept their jobs more than 3 times longer • More reliable (i.e., showed up on time) • No increase in worker’s compensation • Average saving to employer: $780.87 • (4,501 NOK) Cimera (2009). Three supported v. three non-disabled entry-level employees.
Question #3: Place-Train v. Train-Place
Place-Train v. Train-Place • No Sheltered Settings • Employed 60.4% • Earnings $137 • (788 NOK) • Cost $4,543 • (26,136 NOK) 4,904 individuals with Intellectual Disabilities
Place-Train v. Train-Place • No Sheltered Settings • Employed 60.4% • Earnings $137 • (788 NOK) • Cost $4,543 • (26,136 NOK) • Sheltered Settings • Employed 59.6% • Earnings $119 • (685 NOK) • Cost $7,895 • (45,419 NOK) 42.5% decrease in cost; 15.1% increase in earnings
Summary • Supported Employment is a good investment for: • The Individual with a disability • The Taxpayer • Employer • Place-Train produces better outcomes than Train-Place
Takk! Robert Evert Cimera, Ph.D. Kent State University RCIMERA@KENT.EDU