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Snow Day 2003

Snow Day 2003. Video Script Formats. Numerous script formats exist - depends on purpose. Most follow certain guidelines but vary depending upon the organization. 2-column and narrative and are the main types we will study. News Package Script . 2 columns

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Snow Day 2003

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  1. Snow Day 2003

  2. Video Script Formats • Numerous script formats exist - depends on purpose. • Most follow certain guidelines but vary depending upon the organization. • 2-column and narrative and are the main types we will study.

  3. News Package Script • 2 columns • LEFT for video directions, RIGHT for audio. • Written after tape is shot, but before editing. • A detailed organization of visual and aural material to be included in a "stand alone" package. • That is, it should be able to be played from beginning to end as a complete story. 

  4. News Package Script • Goal: organize visual/aural material before editing the piece together. • Inserted into a newscast on a VTR. • All transitions cuts, unless otherwise indicated • Most “packs” are under 2:00 • Be sure to gather enough b-roll

  5. News Package Script • Writing style • Clear, concise, to the point, • ACTIVE - limit use of verb “to be” • Conversational - must ‘sound good’ • Reporter must “pre-digest” data, facts, statistics and make them relevant to the viewer • Visuals (video, graphics, maps, titles) are essential

  6. News Package Script • Writing style • Timely, present: endeavor to find current angle in story • In practice, new style of ‘timeless’ writing emerging (“…ing”) • “Weapons inspectors finding little evidence of nuclear or biological weapons in Iraq.”

  7. News Package Script • In practice, news story scripts are rarely fully typed-out. • Edit Process: • audio (reporter VO, sound bites, nat sound, interviews, stand-ups) is laid down first • along with anchor stand-ups • video laid over the audio

  8. PSA Script • Two-column is used most, though sometimes a narrative style is appropriate • Like news: must be conversational and appropriate to topic • Additionally: must match target audience, message, goals of message • A main goal: break through the clutter and resonate w/audience • What appeal will work best? • Reach and frequency

  9. Persuasive/Advertising Appeals • Genre of message appeal • Means of gaining attention, breaking through the clutter • Depends on goals, product, target audience • Demographics & psychographics • Keep persuasive goals in mind • Some ads very creative but ineffective

  10. Persuasive Appeals • Straight Announcement • VO by announcer or DJ • Price, value • Very typical selling point for local ads • Informational/rational • Facts about the product • List of benefits • Even gets out blood stains • Computer ads

  11. Persuasive Appeals • Demonstration • Show audience how product works • Infomercials • Fitness gear • Testimonial • Client speaks of product benefits • Jared of Subway

  12. Persuasive Appeals • Emotion/sentimental • Inflated emotions related to the product • Hallmark • Fear • Scare audience away from the product or behavior, or toward it • Baldness, hair restoration • Just say no, drug bust, gunshot, pregnancy

  13. Persuasive Appeals • Celebrity Endorsement • Tie product image to famous person • MJ & Jackie Chan for Hanes • Urgency • Need to respond/act quickly • Sale Ends Saturday! • 2-days only! • Disney DVDs will not be available for 10 years!

  14. Persuasive Appeals • Humor • Associate humor with product image • Often memorable, not always effective • Bud - Wassup?! • Office Linebacker • Slice of Life • Problem/solution in a story form • Detergent, dandruff, slice and bake cookies

  15. Persuasive Appeals • Dramatize problem • Then offer solution • Hertz - Not exactly • Diarrhea • Employees fired for mistakes • Dramatize benefit • As the solution • Sprint - “Hear a pin drop”

  16. Persuasive Appeals • Shock! • Jar audience • Anti-drug/smoking PSAs • Sex • Associate product with sexual satisfaction / conquest • Calvin Klein, cologne, Cosmo, Maxim

  17. Sex Sells

  18. Persuasive Appeals • Before / After • Demonstrate specific results of using product • Grecian formula, weight loss • Image • Associate product with some image, style, attitude… coolness • Product benefits, attributes are secondary to the image • Cadillac, Nike

  19. Storyboard • Range from single page for a 30 second PSA hundreds of frames for a film. • May be on standard paper or on foam-core posterboard. • Useful means of envisioning the concept. • Range from rough sketches to polished drawings or photographs.

  20. Client: UNCW Student Productions Campaign: “You Need Us”Title: Full Service Sept. 17, 2002 Theme music, UP, then UNDER. “UNCW Student TV productions” From planning to editing … “Narr.: Your one-stop video production source. Because so much is riding on your video.” (A subsidiary of Gene’s Tire and Auto) UNCW Student Productions - a full service company …we can get your message across.

  21. Documentary Script • Some parts developed far in advance Interactive process with the following steps: 1) topic is researched 2) outline is developed for the program along with treatment (detailed outline) 3) draft script is written 4) as visual and sound elements are captured and reviewed, the script is likely to be adjusted accordingly 

  22. Documentary Script • Style choice: 2-column or narrative style script • Writing style: clear, conversational, dynamic • Must “sound” good to the listener • Varies depending upon talent, goals, director’s style

  23. Documentary Script Visual elements: • Interviews, stand-ups • Original b-roll, cover video • Archival, file footage • Still photos (capture, pan & scan) • Documents • Graphics, maps • *Capture enough b-roll: CU, MS, LS for @

  24. Documentary Script Sound elements: • Interview audio: on-screen, under video • Voice-over narration • Talent/on-screen narration • Actors/talent reading historical documents • Archival audio recordings • Music • Nat-sound (natural) • Special effects • Blended to help tell the story

  25. Documentary Script Director/writer chooses direction/voice of story. • Who tells the story? • Depends on story approach • Director must blend all elements into cohesive, interesting, motivating story

  26. Documentary Script Story approaches: • Investigative • Scientific • Human interest • Educational • Recreations/dramatizations/reenactments • Verite’

  27. Documentary Script • It is important to choose the style which best matches the content. Ken Burns • historical perspective = heavy voice-over narration • Actors reading words of subjects adds life • Visual style critical - pan & scan brings stills to life

  28. Documentary Script Michael Moore • Straightforward presentation of: • Interviews - selection of subjects critical • His perspective in VO and on-camera • Powerful imagery • Sometimes best to just let the camera roll and let the truth ooze out naturally • Edited in a way to get his point across

  29. Documentary Script • Requires extensive research - entire story must be written first • Time frame: one day, months, years. • Once interviews and b-roll video (cutaways) have been recorded… • Director must review and log all footage including each shot and the details of each interview

  30. Documentary Script The transcript of the interviews will be used to construct the final script. Writer/director will weave research, interviews, archival footage, graphics and b-roll video into a complete, dynamic and compelling story.

  31. Two-column script • Helpful means of organizing shots and video • VIDEO information goes in the left column • AUDIO information goes in the right column • Be as detailed as possible

  32. Two-column script • Tip: Use the ‘table’ function of your word processor to create a 2-column table • Lines may be omitted for a cleaner look • Header: • Project title, writer, director, client if appropriate, length, date

  33. VIDEO INSTRUCTIONS ALWAYS GO HERE.  BE AS DETAILED AS POSSIBLE.  VIDEO INSTRUCTIONS ARE IN ALL CAPS. The audio portion of the script goes on the right hand side and is double spaced. Video  Audio

  34. 2-COLUMN FORMAT TIP: CREATE A 2-COLUMN SCRIPT BY USING THE TABLE FUNCTION IN YOUR WORD PROCESS.  CHOOSE A 2-COLUMN TABLE WITH 15-20 ROWS.  ADD ROWS AS NEEDED. Any additional directions should be listed in parentheses before the copy. Also, indicate who is speaking: narrator, character, etc… Video  Audio

  35. EACH BOX IN THE LEFT COLUMN SHOULD CONTAIN NO MORE THAN A SINGLE SHOT, NO MORE.  EACH SHOT MUST EXACTLY MATCH THE AUDIO (Special instructions include : UP, UNDER) Example ____________________ (Theme music up, establish, then under) Narrator: Water - the single most important element on earth. Video  Audio

  36. ALSO IN THE LEFT COLUMN: SPECIFIC VISUAL DIRECTIONS (CUTS, DISSOLVES), GRAPHICS, TITLES, SPECIAL EFFECTS, Lower Thirds (NAME AND TITLE). Be as detailed as possible with instructions, music and sound effects Write out everything just as it is meant to be spoken aloud. Keep script conversational Video  Audio

  37. Narrative Scripting • Dramatic and comedic stories • Variety of script styles used at different phases of production • Concept/story idea/premise/synopsis: thumbnail sketch • Quick summary of the story - a necessity for an ‘elevator pitch’

  38. Narrative Scripting - Scene Outline • Scene outline: • List of scenes in numerical order w/ brief descriptions of each. • Little, if any, dialogue -- brief expansion of the original concept. • Explains and clarifies the progress of the film/show.

  39. Narrative Scripting - Treatment • Prose description of the story • Reads like a short story • Includes detailed visuals, characters, settings, actions and motivations. • 5-12 pages.

  40. Narrative Scripting - Master Scene Script • Translation of the treatment into script form. • General scenes, not specific shots. • Includes: • headings for each location (INT. CLASSROOM, DAYTIME). • Scenes numbered. • Below heading, a description of the setting, characters and the action.

  41. Narrative Scripting - Master Scene Script No detailed shot or camera instructions. Dialogue is generally indented 2 tabs on each side. Character direction: the character's name is centered above each of their lines of dialogue and are in all caps, directions may be included under their name in parentheses.

  42. SCENE 1 • INT. CLASSROOM - DAY • It is a cold and rainy fall day as students enter the classroom for their college class. The classroom is a typical "theater" style room with a slanted floor and rows of seats in a semi-circle facing the small "stage" area. There is a chair and podium on the stage and a blackboard on the wall. Students are filing into the room and chatting, getting ready for class. GREG is a college junior majoring in history, he sits down next to his friend MIKE. There is an assignment due today and the class looks a bit haggard.

  43. GREG Did you finish typing your paper last night? MIKE You mean this morning. It was an all-nighter again. I've got to stop doing this or I'll be dead before I graduate. GREG No chance, man. You couldn't get a paper done in advance if your life depended on it.

  44. GREG laughs as MIKE shakes his head. PROFESSOR SUMNER enters the room and gets prepared to teach. The students turn to the front of the room and get their notebooks ready. There seems to be a tension in the room, PROFESSOR SUMNER seems tense as he readies his lecture notes, the class falls silent as they realize something is not right.

  45. Narrative ScriptingShooting Script Final stage of scriptwriting: • specific settings, characters, dialogue • AND camera angles, movement and position • and transitions between shots • Each shot within a scene is listed in order. • Each shot is numbered and technical details are added.

  46. SCENE 1 EXT. CLASSROOM - DAY FADE UP 1. HIGH ANGLE of students entering a college classroom building, rushing through the rain. It is a cold and rainy fall day and students are covering their heads with books and jackets trying to stay dry. The campus is "traditional" looking with red bricks and lots of trees. CAMERA PANS SLOWLY to follow students into the building. OPENING THEME plays over the scene.

  47. INT. CLASSROOM. 2. LOW ANGLE MS of doorway to classroom door as students enter for class. 3. MS - LOW ANGLE (below the desktops only, no faces or heads are seen) of a row of seats with students preparing, chatting. Feet shuffle as students take their seats, bags are placed on the floor and books are taken out of the bags. There is an assignment due today and the class looks a bit haggard. THEME MUSIC FADES.

  48. 4. TWO SHOT of GREG and MIKE. GREG is a junior - he looks studious but not a stereotypical nerd, he sits down next to his friend MIKE, basically a slob who has brains, but doesn't put out much effort. GREG Did you finish typing your paper last night? MIKE You mean this morning. It was an all-nighter again. I've got to stop doing this or I'll be dead before I graduate.

  49. 5. CU GREG: GREG No chance, man. You couldn't get a paper done in advance if your life depended on it. 6. CU MIKE: GREG laughs as MIKE shakes his head and rolls his eyes. MIKE sees the PROFESSOR enter and shakes his head, as if to tell GREG to look at PROFESSOR SUMNER.

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