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Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces . The forces in and around a molecule. Polarity. Polar bonds - uneven sharing of electrons Determined by difference in electronegativity > 2 - ionic bond 1-2 - polar < 1 – nonpolar. Polar Molecules.

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Intermolecular Forces

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  1. Intermolecular Forces The forces in and around a molecule

  2. Polarity • Polar bonds - uneven sharing of electrons • Determined by difference in electronegativity • > 2 - ionic bond • 1-2 - polar • < 1 – nonpolar

  3. Polar Molecules • contain a dipole - one end slightly negative, one slightly positive • Not all polar bonds create polar molecules • Can cancel each other out • Induced Dipole- a polar molecule can ‘induce’ a dipole in a nonpolar compound by attracting its electrons

  4. Special Dipole Interactions • Hydrogen Bonding • hydrogen in a polar covalent bond can be attracted to an unshared electron pair in a nearby molecule • Strongest intermolecular force

  5. London Dispersion Forces • Exist in nonpolar molecules and even noble gas atoms because electrons are in continuous motion • ‘instantaneous’ dipoles form as polar molecules come close- called Van der Waals interactions • More electrons = stronger dispersion forces • Weakest intermolecular force

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