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Respiratory System: Overview

Respiratory System: Overview. Figure 17-2 b: Anatomy Summary. Figure 23.1. The Respiratory tract. Conducting passageways carrying air to and from the alveoli Upper respiratory passages filter and humidify incoming air

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Respiratory System: Overview

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  1. Respiratory System: Overview Figure 17-2 b: Anatomy Summary

  2. Figure 23.1

  3. The Respiratory tract • Conducting passageways carrying air to and from the alveoli • Upper respiratory passages filter and humidify incoming air • Lower passageways include delicate conduction passages and alveolar exchange surfaces

  4. The Nose, Nasal Cavity, and Pharynx Figure 23.3c

  5. The Larynx

  6. Figure 23.4 The Anatomy of the Larynx Figure 23.4

  7. The Glottis Figure 23.5a, b

  8. The Airways: Conduction of Air from Outside to Alveoli • Filter, warm & moisten air • Nose, (mouth), trachea, bronchi & bronchioles • Huge increase in cross sectional area Figure 17-4: Branching of the airways

  9. The Alveoli

  10. Efficiency of Breathing: Normal & High Demand Figure 17-2 g: Anatomy Summary

  11. Cilia Ciliated respiratory epithelium

  12. Ventilation: The Pumps Figure 17-11 a: Surfactant reduces surface tension PLAY Animation: Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

  13. Respiratory Damage & Diseases Figure 17-11b: Surfactant reduces surface tension

  14. Gas Laws • Boyle’s law: Gas’s volume is inversely proportional to it pressure (P x V = Constant) • Henry's Law: Concentration of a gas in solution= P(gas) x solubility of the gas

  15. Lung Volumes: Spirometer Measurements Figure 17-12: The recording spirometer

  16. Mechanics of ventilation • During Inspiration, the diaphragm contracts, increasing the volume of the thorax cavity. This increase in volume results in decrease of pressure, and air rushed into the lungs.

  17. Cont. • During expiration, the diaphragm returns to its upward position, reducing the volume of the Thorax cavity. As a results pressure increases, forcing air out of the lung.

  18. Respiratory Mucosa • Respiratory epithelium and underlying connective tissue • Respiratory membrane, supported by lamina propria, changes along tract • Lines conducting portion of respiratory tract • Protected from contamination by respiratory defense system

  19. Figure 23.2 The Respiratory Epithelium of the Nasal Cavity and Conducting System Figure 23.2

  20. Figure 23.6 The Anatomy of the Trachea Figure 23.6a, b

  21. The Anatomy of the Trachea

  22. The Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

  23. Figure 23.7 The Gross Anatomy of the Lungs Figure 23.7

  24. The Bronchi and Lobules of the Lung

  25. Alveolar Organization Figure 23.12a-c

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