The Rise of the Industrial Revolution Preview:

1. The Rise of the Industrial Revolution • Preview: • Identify the top 3 inventions of all time that have affected your life (Explain why for each)

2. Industrial Revolution—a time of great economic, technological, and social changes that began in England between 1780 & 1840 and eventually spread throughout Europe and the USA. During this time, power-driven machinery in factories replaced work done in homes Video #1 Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (1.00)

4. The Rise of the Industrial Revolution

6. Pre-Industrial Society Video #2 Life Before the Industrial Revolution (1.37)

8. Farming in the Middle Ages • During the Middle Ages, most of Europe was organized into farming villages on feudal manors • The manor produced all the food necessary to feed the feudal population (subsistence farming) • 1 of 3 manor fields was left fallow (empty) so the field could regain its fertility after being harvested • Animals grazed in these pastures

9. The Three Field System

10. Farming in the Middle Ages • Disadvantages: • Farmers did not use all their available land at all times (the three-field system was inefficient) • Farmers did not experiment with new farming methods

11. Farming in the Middle Ages • An Agricultural Revolution began in England & spread throughout Europe because: • The population of England was increasing & more food was needed to feed the people • Napoleon’s Continental System cut off food imports from Europe into England, so England had to produce more food for itself

13. The Agricultural Revolution

14. The Agricultural Revolution • Enclosure Movement: • Farmers were losing large amounts of crops after animals trampled them; So wealthy landlords fenced in common pastures & experimented with new farming technology • Villages lost common lands & peasants became poorer; But, more food was produced

15. The Agricultural Revolution • Having one field fallow, farmers were not using all available land; BUT planting crops in all fields took nutrients out of the soil • Crop Rotation (“Scientific Farming”)—Every season, farmers used all fields but changed what crops are in what fields (Fields depleted of nutrients by 1 crop are replenished by a different crop); More crops produced

16. The Agricultural Revolution • Other Discoveries & Innovations : • Jethro Tull invented the seed drill; made planting seeds more efficient • Use of new crops (American corn & potatoes grew well in Europe) • Results of Agricultural Revolution: • More food was available & the population increased (death rate declined as fewer people starved)

17. #1

19. Cottage Industry and Capitalism

20. Cottage Industry and Capitalism • Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership of businesses, free competition, & maximizing profits • The cottage industry is an example of early form of capitalism #3 Textile Industry Video (1.37)

22. Cottage Industry and Capitalism • What is the Cottage Industry? • Merchants buy materials (wool, cotton) & take to cottages to be spun • Take new yarn from spinners to weavers (make cloth), then to dyers to color the cloth, then to sewers to make finished product (shirt, pants) • Then, they sell the product for more than material & labor costs = profits

24. Cottage Industry and Capitalism • Effects of the Cottage Industry: • Big profits for new class of merchants (Profits + New Investment = Bigger Profit) • New source of income for peasants in addition to farming

26. The Textile Industry and Factory System

27. Textile Industry and Factory System • The 1st Industry was in Textiles: • Cottage industry couldn’t keep up with demand for textiles (clothes) • New machines were invented to improve spinning & weaving • Cotton Gin separated seeds from cotton; made cotton profitable; increased need for slave labor #4 Revolution in Textile Industry (1.59) #6 Cotton Gin (1.29)

29. 1804 - Trevithick - steam locomotive 1769 - Watt - steam engine 1721 - Tull - seed drill 1785 - Cartwright - power loom 1764 -Hargreaves - spinning jenny 1769 -Arkwright -water frame 1793 - Whitney - cotton gin 1733 -Kay - flying shuttle 1779 - Crompton - spinning mule

30. John Kay’s Flying Shuttle • The Flying Shuttle was invented in 1733 • The Flying Shuttle was a piece of wood that held yarn • The shuttle was woven in and out of the yarn tied to the • loom • It allowed the weaver to work twice as fast

31. Spinning Wheel

32. Spinning Jenny

33. James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny • The Spinning Jenny was invented in 1764. • It was a faster spinning wheel. • This machine could spin 80 threads at a time. • Humans could spin only 1 thread at a time. • This machine was hand operated.

34. Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame • Richard Arkwright invented the water frame in 1769. • This invention used water power from a fast flowing • stream to drive the spinning wheels.

35. Spinning Mule

36. Samuel Crompton’s Spinning Mule • The Spinning Mule was invented in 1779. • This machine combined the Spinning Jenny and the • water frame. • This machine was used to make stronger, finer thread.

37. Power Loom

38. Edmund Cartwright’s Power Loom • The Power Loom was invented in 1785. • This new loom made weaving much faster. • It ran on waterpower. • In 1813, 2000 looms were in use in English factories. • By 1833, 100,000 looms were in use in England.

39. Cotton Gin

40. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin • The Cotton Gin was invented in 1793. • This machine removed seeds from cotton. • Prior to this invention, seeds had to be removed by hand. • Removing the seeds by hand took a lot of time. • The Cotton Gin allowed for the cleaning of 10 times more cotton per day.

42. Textile Industry and Factory System • Rise of the Factory: • New machines were put in factories (too big for homes) & relied on water power so factories located near water sources • Effects of Factories in Britain: • Mass-produced textiles were much cheaper than hand-made products • Villagers lost part of income & were forced to find jobs in urban factories

43. Land-Use MapActivity