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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Intimate Relationships, Marriages, and Families in the Twenty-First Century. Preview. Chapter Preview. Preview. Chapter Questions. What is a family? How are families changing? How can we explain what happens in families?

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Intimate Relationships, Marriages, and Families in the Twenty-First Century Preview

  2. Chapter Preview Preview

  3. Chapter Questions • What is a family? • How are families changing? • How can we explain what happens in families? • How do we find out HOW and WHY families are changing? Preview

  4. Question Read the section question Study Keeping the question in mind, study the section Mark Note the parts that answer the question Question Close book. Ask question again. Recite Answer the question. Check your answer. Guided Learning Process Preview

  5. 1st: Question 2nd: Study 3rd: Mark 4th: Question again 5th: Recite 6th: Check 7th: Restudy if necessary Studying the Chapter Section Preview

  6. Marriage and ParenthoodRates: How has the rate at which people marry changed in the last 50 years? The marriage rate is the number of persons who marry during the preceding 12 months per 1,000 population. The rate depends on econ- omic and political conditions, as well as on the percentage of persons of marriageable age in the population. The rate reached a peak of 12.2 per 1,000 population in 1945, the last year of World War II. The rate then declined very rapidly after the war, falling to 8.5 per 1,000 in 1960. The rate varied at a fairly high level for two decades and then began to fall again in 1980, after most of the baby boom babies had married (see Figure 1.1). Today the rate is 7.8 per 1,000 (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2005). Preview

  7. Text Assignment Preview

  8. What is a family? • When is a group of people living together a ‘family?’ • What different types of families are there? Preview A1-2

  9. How are families changing? • What is changing in how families think of themselves? • What is changing in how families function? Preview B 1-2

  10. What kinds of changes have families gone through recently? • How is the rate at which people get married changing? • How is the age at which people get married changing? Preview C 1-2

  11. What kinds of changes have families gone through recently? • Are people having more or fewer children than they used to? • Are more mothers employed now than before? Preview C 3-4

  12. What kinds of changes have families gone through recently? • Are there more one-parent families now? • How is the number of people living together changing? Preview C 5-6

  13. What kinds of changes have families gone through recently? • Are there more gay and lesbian families than there used to be ? • Are more grandparents raising grandchildren now? • How do longer life expectancies affect families? Preview C 7-8-9

  14. Changes in Divorce and Remarriage • How is the divorce rate changing? • Do people often remarry after divorce? • Are there more stepfamilies now than before? Preview D 1-2-3

  15. Changes in Non-marital Sexual Behavior • Are more teens having sex than in previous generations? • What types of contraceptives are teens using? Preview D 1-2-3

  16. How are American families changing culturally? Preview F

  17. How can we explain what happens in families? • For what purposes does the family exist? • How do families change over time? Preview G 1.2

  18. How can we explain what happens in families? • How does a family communicate its expectations to family members? • How are family members interdependent emotionally? Preview G 3-4

  19. How can we explain what happens in families? • How do family members get what they need from one another? • How do we use power in our family to solve problems? • What is the woman’s role in the family? Preview G 5-6-7

  20. How do we find out HOW and WHY families are changing? • Who does the research? • How do researchers gather information? • How do they figure out changes over time? Preview H 1-2-3

  21. How do we find out HOW and WHY families are changing? • What makes GOOD research? • What are some problems with research studies ? Preview H 4-5

  22. Special Sections Preview SS

  23. Personal Perspective: Gay Marriages How are same-sex parents different from other parents? Preview PP

  24. Cultural Perspectives: African American Family Strengths and Influences What is unique about African American families? Preview CP

  25. At Issue Today: Values and Marital Satisfaction How does what we think is important in life affect how happy we are in our marriage? Preview AI

  26. A Question of Policy: Family Environment How can government policies help parents be better parents? Preview QP

  27. Preview End

  28. What is a family? • When is a group of people living together a ‘family?’ • What different types of families are there? A – A1 -- A2

  29. Family = • People who are: > Related or sexually expressive > Financially supporting one another > In an intimate and committed relationship • Individuals’ identities are tied to group • Group has its own identity A1

  30. Definitions of “Family” Census Bureau: Family = 2 or more related persons who are living together Winch (1971): Family = related persons who are raising children Burgess and Lock (1953): Family = household group interacting in social roles A1

  31. Multiple Family Forms Categories of families are based on differences in: ~ structure ~ relationships among members A2

  32. Nuclear family Extended family Voluntarily childless family Family of origin Family of procreation Patriarchal Family Matriarchal Family Gay or lesbian Family Single parent family Cohabiting Family Blended family Binuclear Family Polygamous Family Polygynous Polyandrous Multiple Family Forms A2

  33. Changes in Family Philosophy and Emphasis B

  34. Shift in emphasis From instrumentalrole Economic security Social status To expressive role Love and intimacy Companionship B1

  35. Philosophical Shift From patriarchy Father head of family Strict gender roles To democracy Women more equal Children’s needs important B2

  36. Changes in Marriage and Parenthood • Marriage rate ↓ • Age of marriage ↑ • Birth rate ↓ C – C1 – C2 – C3

  37. Rates depend on: • Number of people of marriageable age • How desirable marriage is > economically > politically > socially C1-2-3

  38. Marriage Rates Marriage rate = number of people married in last 12 months / 1,000 • 1945: Peaked at 12.2 • 1970 and 1980: 10.6 • 2001: Declined to 8.4 C1

  39. Trend over last 60 years

  40. Median Age at Marriage • Peak in 1890: • Men (26 yrs.) - Women (22 yrs.) • Low in 1950: • Men (22.5) - Women (20.1) • Steady rise through 2000: • Men (27) - Women (25) C2

  41. Median Age at FirstMarriage C2

  42. Possible Contributing Causes to Postponing Marriage • More cohabiting couples • Increased acceptance of non-marital cohabitation • More opportunities for non-marital sexual expression C2

  43. One advantage of delaying marriage: • The older you are when you marry, the more likely your marriage will last. C2

  44. Fewer women marrying • Unmarried adult women are marrying at almost ½ the rate they were in 1970. • waiting until they are older • cohabiting rather than marrying • some not remarrying after divorce C2

  45. Related Trends • More career opportunities for women • People are better off financially • People live longer • Families are smaller • Wider acceptance of remaining single C2

  46. Women 20-24 1970: 36% 2000: 73% Men 30-34 1970: 6% 2000: 29.5% More Never-Marrieds C2

  47. Birthrates and Family Size • Highest birthrate: • ‘Baby boomers’ = generation born between 1945 and1965 • Decreasing ever since • Family size in 2003: 3.13 C3

  48. Why? • Industrialization changed the economy around 1900 • Families moved to cities • Large families made life harder instead of easier as they had in a farming economy • Mothers worked outside the home • Birth control became more available C3

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