American History—Chapter 4

1. American History—Chapter 4 The War for Independence

2. Colonies Resisting Great Britain • Stamp Act • What was it? • Why would GB want to do something like this • Sons of Liberty • Who was Samuel Adams? • Who were the Sons of Liberty? • What did they do? (3 Things) • What is meant by no taxation without representation?

4. Colonies Resisting GB • What were the Townshend Acts? • Boston Massacre • Why did the British decide to put 2000 troops in Boston? • What was the problem with that? • What happened with the Boston Massacre? • What was Samuel Adams role in the Massacre?

6. Resisting GB • What were the committees of correspondence? • Boston Tea Party • What happened with the Boston Tea Party? • Why did that occur? • Response to the Boston Tea Party • What were the Intolerable Acts? • What does Martial Law Mean? • Why was the First Continental Congress established? • What was their main message?

8. Fighting Starts • Reasons for Fighting • Who were the minutemen? • Who was in charge of the British troops? • What did those troops do that made the colonist fight back? • Early Battle(s) • Who was Paul Revere • What happened at Concord • What happened at Lexington • What happened on the way home?

10. Section 2 Ideas Help Start a Revolution

11. Colonists Coming Together • What was the Second Continental Congress? • What were 3 things that the Second Continental Congress did? • Bunker Hill • Where did Thomas Gage want to go? • Where was the actual battle at? • What happened at the battle? • Who won?

13. Steps to Declaring Independence • Olive Branch Petition • What was it? • Why did the colonists want to do it? • How did King George respond? • Common Sense • What was it? • Who wrote it? • What was the main message of the book • Why was it so influential?

15. Declaring Independence • Second Continental Congress told each colony to form its own government • How was Thomas Jefferson important to the Declaration of Independence? • Declaration of Independence • What did it say? • What were some of the reasons we wrote it? • When was it officially passed by all the colonies • http://www.ushistory.org/Declaration/document/index.htm

16. Peoples Views on Declaration • Who were the Patriots? • How many of them were there? • Who were the Loyalists? • Why would people want to be a loyalist? • What groups tried to stay out of the conflict?

17. Section 3 Struggle Towards Saratoga

18. Strengths and Weaknesses • Colonists were major underdogs! • Valley Forge • Where was this at? • What were conditions like? • United States • What were 3 strengths the US had? • What were 4 weaknesses the US had? • Great Britain • What were 3 strengths GB had? • What were 4 weaknesses the GB had?

20. Fighting in New York • British Effort • Who led the British troops in New York • What were German Mercenaries • United States Effort • Who was the leader of the troops? • How many troops were there? • How did the battles turn out? • By the end of 1776, what was Washington’s army like?

21. Other Important Battles • Trenton • When did this battle occur? • What happened? • How was the US able to win? • Why was this important? • Philadelphia • Why did the British want to attack this city? • What happened? • What did Howe decide to do after he won the city?

23. Saratoga • Early British Plan • Who was the British General in charge? • What was his plan? • What was the problem with his plan? • American Response • Who was the American General in charge? • What was his plan? What did he do? • What was the result for the British? • How was this like the F/I War? • Events of Saratoga • What happened at this battle? • What were the 3 reasons why this was one of the most important battles of the war?

26. Colonial Life • Economic Problems • What were some of the economic problems in America? • What does inflation mean? • Government had a hard time supplying the army! • African American/Women’s Roles • What did women do while men were at war? • Who was Molly Pitcher • What did African Americans do during the fighting

27. Section 4 Winning the War

28. European Help • Friedrich von Steuben • Who was he? • How did he help Washington’s troops? • Marquis de Lafayette • Who was he? • How did he help the United States?

29. British Change of Pace • British begin to focus on the South • Who was Charles Cornwallis? • Why did he decide to attack the South? • What states was he able to capture? • What were some of the important battles that he won? • Things start to go bad for GB • What state caused a lot of problems for him? • How was the US successful against GB • What did they force Cornwallis to do?

32. Things really go bad for GB • US Plan • Nathaniel Green (US general) was ordered to go chase Cornwallis back to SC. • Daniel Morgan (US) and Banastre Tarleton (GB) began to fight each other in SC as well (Patriot) • Cowpens • What happened in this battle? Why important? • Guilford Courthouse • What happened? Why is it important?

35. Yorktown • Why Yorktown? • Why did Cornwallis decide to go to Virginia? • What was happened in Virginia? • Why was going to Yorktown a bad idea? • British Surrender • What was the US plan for surrender? • How did this work? • What was the end result? • What day did the fighting end?

38. Post War • Treaty of Paris • What did this document do? • What did this document say? • Symbol for the world • Democratic revolutions began to happen all over the world….France would be a main one. • Egalitarianism—belief in the equality of people • Had to do with wealth, not so much race/sex • Slavery was still popular in the South • Native Americans became threatened by the colonists, numbers declined by over half east of the Mississippi River • How would we govern ourselves???