1 / 24

Jurisdiction, Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments under EC Law

Prof Dr Thomas Rauscher Leipzig (D). Brussels I Regulation and Enforcement Order for Uncontested Claims. Jurisdiction, Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments under EC Law. TR 2006. Text Brüssel-I-VO Text anderer EG-VO zum Prozessrecht Brüssel I-Ü // VO

kassia
Download Presentation

Jurisdiction, Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments under EC Law

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Prof Dr Thomas Rauscher Leipzig (D) Brussels I Regulationand Enforcement Order for Uncontested Claims Jurisdiction, Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments under EC Law TR 2006

  2. Text Brüssel-I-VO Text anderer EG-VO zum Prozessrecht Brüssel I-Ü // VO Leitsätze des EuGH zu Brüssel I (Ü+VO) Lernbuch Kommentar www.euzpr.eu- Studienmaterialien- EU-Materialien - EU-Dokumente …- Synopse EuGVÜ und… …- EuGH Leitsatzkartei Rauscher, IPR 2. Aufl, 2002, C.F.Müller, Hdbg Rauscher, EuZPR2, 2006Sellier EuLP München Learning Materials (in German)relevant EU-materials are found on www.europe.eu Brussels I Reg TR 2006

  3. Subjects Applicability Jurisdiction (intl) Recognition of Judgments Enforcement of Judgments Art 66 (1): Proceeding instituted after 1.3.2002 (vv after joining the EU) Art 66 (2): Recognition including Judgments given after 1.3.2002, if - action under Brussels or Lugano Conventions or - rules of jurisdiction in accordance with Brussels I Reg Nr 44/2001 of 22.12.2000 = „Brussels I“ Brussels I Reg TR 2006

  4. Art 1 (1): Civil and Commercial Matters Art 1 (2): particular exceptions EU-autonomous interpretation Nature of court irrelevant (civil action in penal court) Not, if administrative body acting by subordination Not: Revenue and Customs Civil Status, Succession, Matrimonial Property Bankruptcy proceedings Social Security Arbitration Material Scope of Application (Art 1) Brussels I Reg TR 2006

  5. Jurisdiction Art 3 Art 4 I Art 4 II Art 5, 22, 23 „domicile“ Art 59 Art 60 Recognition, Enforcement Art 33, 57 Art 38 Defendant: domicile in any Member State (EU without Denmark– Art 2 (3)) Otherwise: lex fori including equal treatment of EU-domiciliries (for the purpose of annex 1 jurisdictions) Particular prerequisites Natural person: Definition according to the law of the state of domicile Companies/legal person: Statutory seat, administration, branch Judgments and enforceable authentic instruments from Member States Territorial Scope of Application Brüssel I VO TR 2006

  6. General J(Art 2) Particular J(Art 5-7) Exclusive J(Art 22) J Agreement(Art 23, 24) Protective Js(Art 8-14, 15-17,18-21) Domicile of defendant for all purposes (except exclusive Js) Certain causes of action, choice of plaintiff (except exclusive Js) Certain causes of action, no choice; takes preference over other Js Agreement or Appearance(except exclusive Js) Closed systems apply to Insurance cases Consumer contracts Individual contracts of employment Jurisdictional System (J=Jurisdiction) Brüssel I VO TR 2006

  7. General PrerequisiteArt 5 S 1 Contract casesArt 5 Nr 1) Art 5 Nr 1 a Art 5 Nr 1 b Defendant‘s domicile in one, proceeding in other Member State Contract: Claim arising out of contractual relationship No annex J for tort claims Relevant Obligation: Primary obligation in question Place of Performance: According to the law as applicable under the conflict rules of the forum Except: Agreement as to place of performance Except: Sale of goods Except: provison of services unique place of perf. as defined. Particular Jurisdiction (Place of Performance) Brüssel I VO TR 2006

  8. J in Tort Cases(ART 5 Nr 3) Tort (delict, quasi-del): Responsibility for damages without contract No annex J for contract claims Place where the tort occured Distance torts:Creditor may choose between places of tortious action and tort. success Torts with multiple pl. of success (press, environment!):Choice; damages restricted to country of the court Preventive claims („may occur“) Where tort threatens to occur Particular Jurisdictions (Tort) Brüssel I VO TR 2006

  9. Maintenance(Art 5 Nr 2) Adhesion(Art 5 Nr 4) Agency (Art 5 Nr 5) Trust (Nr 6) Salvage of cargo (Art 5 Nr 7) Maintenance in family relation: Forum actoris at plaintiff‘s domicile/ habitual residence Civil damages in Criminal Court if competent; Exception: Art 61: Rights of defense Permanent Branch, own management, under supervisiononly for claims arising out of the branch‘s operation Action as settlor, trustee, beneficiary of a trust: Domicile of the trust Zuständigkeit am Arrest-Ort J at the place where cargo has been/could have been arrested Particular Jurisdictions (Art 5 Nrs 2-7) Brüssel I VO TR 2006

  10. Prerequisite: Several Defendants(Art 6 Nr 1) InterventionWarranty (Art 6 Nr 2) Counterclaim(Art 6 Nr 3) Rights in rem (Art 6 Nr 4) (additional) defendant domiciled in a Member State 1st Defendant: domicile in court state Close connection between claims(as under Art 28 (3)) Concerning warranty, guarantee, other third part proceeding Not if sole intention to remove from other jurisdiction Not applicable in A und D (Art 65) Same contract or cause of action Compensation: Means of defense, no J necessary Personal action combined with real property action Particular Jurisdictions: Several Parties (Art 6) Brüssel I VO TR 2006

  11. Scope of application examples: Real rights, rent(Art 22 Nr 1) Holiday Flats „regardless of domicile“ Applies only to Member States Immovable property rights: against everybody; no personal claims Tenancies: right of use against payment (aut. def.) immovables: lex fori Private tenancies, not to exceed 6 months Both parties domiciled in same Member state additional J of courts of domicile Exclusive Jurisdictions(Art 22) Brüssel I VO TR 2006

  12. Material Scope Territorial Scope Applicability (temporal) Admissibility, parties, form, gen.cond Particular relationship A court or courts of a Member state Material validity? Domicile of one party in Member State Courts of a Member State No mere national case (unwritten) Art 66: Applies also to agreements made before 1.3.2001 Excpt: Protection of trust, if agreement was valid! J Agreements/ Scope of Application TR 2006 Brüssel I VO

  13. In WritingArt 23 (1) lit a/1 Evidenced in WritingArt 23(1) lit a/2 PracticesArt 23 (1)lit b Usage in intl TradeArt 23 i lit c Written consent of both parties gives proof of agreement Incl letters, e-mail (Art 23 (2)) Gen. Cond.: Prior knowledge necessary Agreement necessary: Not if „confirmation“ by one side only Out of earlier relationship Example: Gen. Cond. in transport paper International Trade Widely know/regularly observed in this type of trade Both parties aware/ought to be aware J Agreements / form Brüssel I VO TR 2006

  14. Meaning Art 15 (1) Material scope of applicationArt 15 (1) lit a… lit b… lit c… Territorial scope of apllication Preference over all other Js Exception: Art 5 (5) applies; only if other party domiciled in a Member State with branch in other M.S. Consumer v. Entrepreneur? Type of contract Sale of goods on instalments Any contract to finance s.of goods Pursuing commercial or professional activity in Member State of consumer‘s domicile Art 4 applies, Art 15 ss only if other party domiciled in Member State Exception: Art 15 (2): agency in Member State sufficient Consumer Contracts (Art 15-17) / Scope Brüssel I VO TR 2006

  15. Consumer as plaintiff (Art 16 (1)) Consumer as DefendantArt 16 (2) Agreements on JurisdictionArt 17 Courts in the state of consumer‘s or other party‘s domicile If agency: Art 5 Nr 5: Courts in the state of agency‘s domicile Only courts of M.S. of consumer‘s domicile Counterclaim remains possible Art 17 takes preference over Art 23 Agreement after dispute arises In favor of the customer Conferring J to the courts of the M.S. where both parties habitual resident when entering into the agreement Consumer Contracts (Art 15-17) / Jurisdiction Brüssel I VO TR 2003

  16. Exclusive J of other court Own Jurisdiction Court declares on its own motion that it has no J (Art 25) Exception: Priority prevails if both courts have exclusive J (Art 29) No examination if defendant enters an appearance (Art 26 (1) due to Art 24) If defendant does not enter an app:Examination ex officio: Stay of the proceeding until proof of service (Art 26 (2)-(4)) Art 19 EC Reg on service (Art 26 (3) Art 15 Hague Conv on service (Art 26 (4) Examination as to Jurisdiction Brüssel I VO TR 2006

  17. Same cause of action (Art 27)Art 27 (1)Art 27 (2) Related Actions(Art 28) Art 28 (1) Art 28 (2) When court seized (Art 30) Identity as to the central problem of the action (even if not same c.of.a. under the lex fori) Same parties Stay of proc. in court 2nd seized Declines J if J of court 1st seized has been established If decision in different court could lead to a Art 34 (3) situation Court 2nd seized may stay proceedg May also decline jurisdiction Writ of action lodged with the courtif plaintiff takes all subsequent steps Lis pendens/Related proceedings Brüssel I VO TR 2006

  18. JudgmentArt 32 RecognitionArt 33 (2), (3) Recognition as Rule Art 33 (2) Impediments to Recognition Decision as to the merits Not: procedural decisions No particular proceeding (incidenter) Application for formal decision admissible No révision au fond (Art 36) No examination of p.i.l. (Art 36) No examination of J (Art 37) Art 34 (next slide) Conflict with certain J rules (Art 35) Consumer, Insurance, Exclusive Not contract for employment Recognition of Judgements Brüssel I VO TR 2006

  19. Public policy(Nr 1) Service of Action(Nr 2) Irreconcilability Nr 3 Nr 4 Material or procedural Only if manifestly contrary to p.p. Service not timely (for defense) Formal mistakes relevant only if related to preparation of defense) No appearance Exception: Challenge of judgment in Member State of origin Conflicting issues between same parties J from M.S. of recognition prevails J from other M.S. or third state prevails only if earlier Impediments against recognition (Art 34) Brüssel I VO TR 2006

  20. Subject Proceeding Prerequisite Judgment (Art 38) Authentic instruments (Art 57) Only from Member States No „automatic“ enforcement Declaration of enforceability („Exequatur“) necessary (Art 38-) Recognition of Judgment Enforceability in State of Origin(Art 38 I) Enforcement (System only) Brüssel I VO TR 2006

  21. Brussels I: Jurisdiction Recognition and Impediments to Recognition Enforcement after Declaration of Enforceability Service under existing Rules Consumer Protection by particular J system Eu Enforcement Order J under Brussels I Recognition implied, no possibility to reject Eu-enforcement order by certification in M.S: of origin + Minimum Standards+ Information about claim Consumer: Only Judgment from M.S. of domicile Reg (EC) Nr 805/2004 (Eu-Enforcement Order) Eu-VollstrTitelVO TR 2006

  22. Civil and Commercial Matters (Art 2) Uncontested claim (Art 3) Minimum Standards Art 13, 14, 15Art 16Art 17Art 18Art 19 as under Art 1 Brussels I Expressly (admission or settlement or instrument) Never objected (default!) -type of service-content of action-information concerning steps to be taken -Cure if service ok and full review of judgment possible-restitution in certain cases Prerequisites Eu Enforcement Order TR 2006 Eu-VollstrTitelVO

  23. State of origin Remedies against the judgment itself Confirmation as Enforcement order(Art 9, form annex 1) Rectification (errors) Withdrawal („clearly wrongly granted“)(Art 10) No appeal against confirmation(Art 11) State of execution No declaration of enforceabilty(Art 5) No examination as to impediments of recognition No public policy No appeal against enforcement Denial if concurring judgment: (Art 21) Stay or limitaion (Art 23)including appeal ECHR Proceeding for Eu Enforcement Order TR 2006 Eu-VollstrTitelVO

  24. Thank you very much for your kind attendance I‘ll be happy to answer your questions: www.euzpr.eu mail@euzpr.eu mail@thomas-rauscher.eu TR 2006

More Related