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HIV and AIDS

Gain insights into HIV/AIDS transmission, symptoms, prevention methods, and patient care. Learn about the virus, how it infects the body, and ways to prevent infection. Discover the difference between HIV and AIDS, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options available. Stay informed and help prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS today.

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HIV and AIDS

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  1. HIV and AIDS Anne, Jeske & Rowan 16-07-2013

  2. AIDS in the world

  3. What do you already know? • Causes/spreading • Symptoms • Prevention • Therapy

  4. What is HIV? • H – human • I – immuno-deficiency • V – virus

  5. About the virus • RNA-type retrovirus • Type 1 – all over the world • Type 2 – mainly in Africa • People live longer than type 1 • Rarely transmitted from mother to child • Can’t live more than half an hour outside a body

  6. How HIV infects the body • Attacking CD4 type of White Blood Cells (WBCs) and kill them • Healthy WBCs help our body to fight against infections • With less or without WBCs our body can’t fight infections properly  resistance goes down

  7. How does HIV spread? • Unprotected sexual intercourse with infected person (either heterosexual or homosexual) • Transfusion of infected blood • Infected mother to her baby during pregnancy, birth process and breastfeeding • Use of infected needles and instruments without sterilization or sharing of needles by drug addicts

  8. How does HIV not spread? • Kissing • Touching/hand shaking/hugging • Sharing bathroom/toilet • Coughing • Eating together

  9. How to prevent infection? • Safe sex (use a condom!) • Safe bloodtransfusions • Safe needles • Safe motherhood • Safe razor and blade

  10. What is AIDS? • A – acquired • I – immuno • D – deficiency • S – syndrome • Develops after few years of HIV infection • Until then: seropositive • WBCs < 200: AIDS

  11. Symptoms of AIDS • Unexplained infections (opportunistic infections) • Fever • Diarrhea • Cough (tuberculosis) • Persistent unexplained fatigue and weight loss • White blotches in the mouth or on tongue • Cancer

  12. Diagnosis of AIDS • Blood test, to detect antibodies against the virus (always 2 times, to make sure the test is not false positive) • CD4 count and viral load test

  13. Care for HIV/AIDS patients • Sympathetic attitude, family and public support • Adequate rest • Diet rich in proteins/vitamins • Not donating blood/organs • Use a condom with any sexual partner • Drink boiled water • Regular exercise

  14. How to treat AIDS? • It is not possible to cure AIDS • There are drugs that can prevent the spread of the virus and postpone various complications • However, these drugs are very costly

  15. Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) • Antiretroviral drugs, reducing the risk to become seropositive after events with high risk of exposure to HIV (unprotected sex, needle stick injuries) • Start within 1-72 hours after exposure • During 4 weeks • Not 100% effective  blood test after 3 and 6 months

  16. To keep in mind • AIDS • Difficult to get • Impossible to cure, but • Easy to prevent!

  17. Quiz • 15 questions • Multiple choice • Walk to the answer of your choice

  18. Thank you for your attention

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