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Anatomy & Physiology II Unit Six

Anatomy & Physiology II Unit Six. Major Atmospheric Gases. Nitrogen - N 2 - 78%. Oxygen - O 2 - 21%. Carbon dioxide - CO 2 - 0.04%. Dalton’s Law. The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures that each of the gases in the mixture would exert independently.

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Anatomy & Physiology II Unit Six

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  1. Anatomy & Physiology II Unit Six

  2. Major Atmospheric Gases Nitrogen - N2 - 78% Oxygen - O2 - 21% Carbon dioxide - CO2 - 0.04%

  3. Dalton’s Law The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures that each of the gases in the mixture would exert independently

  4. Respiration Respiration is divided into three phases: + ventilation + external respiration + internal respiration

  5. Partial Pressures and the Movement of O2 & CO2

  6. Blood Gas Transportation Oxygen transport: * hemoglobin on RBCs - 98.5% * dissolved in plasma - 1.5% Carbon dioxide transport: * hemoglobin on RBCs - 20% * dissolved in plasma - 10% * converted to HCO3- - 70%

  7. Hemoglobin and Blood Gas Transportation

  8. Hemoglobin and Blood Gas Transportation Formation of oxyhemoglobin HHb + O2 HbO2 + H+ Carbaminohemoglobin formation CO2 + Hb HbCO2

  9. Hemoglobin and Blood Gas Transportation

  10. Hemoglobin and Blood Gas Transportation

  11. The Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve

  12. Oxyhemoglobin and the Unloading Oxygen pH and temperature will affect the rate and amount of HbO2 dissociation The Bohr effect - the increase in HbO2 dissociation in response to low pH

  13. Oxyhemoglobin and the Unloading Oxygen The decrease in pH is the result of glucose metabolism in cells The metabolism results in H+ and CO2 being passed into the capillaries, decreasing the pH and increasing the Pco2

  14. Oxyhemoglobin and the Unloading Oxygen HbO2 is induced to give off O2 for four reasons: ► ambient Po2 ► temperature increase ► pH decrease ► BPG (biphosphoglycerate)

  15. The Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve The Effects of Temperature and pH

  16. Neural Control of Respiration Pontine respiratory center Dorsal respiratory group Ventral respiratory group

  17. Neural Control of Respiration

  18. Neural Control of Respiration

  19. Neural Control of Respiration Since O2 is carried in such high reserves and saturation, it has little effect on the rate of ventilation CO2 concentration and pH do significantly change and have an immediate effect on ventilation

  20. Neural Control of Respiration Therefore, ventilation functions to maintain Pco2 within its homeostatic range

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