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Alcohol’s Effect on Short Term Memory in Drosophila Melanogaster. By Virginia Brodie. http://www.nt.gov.au/health/healthdev/health_promotion/bushbook/volume2/chap1/body_alcohol.gif. Need. 14 million people in the United States suffer from alcoholism
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Alcohol’s Effect on Short Term Memory in Drosophila Melanogaster By Virginia Brodie
http://www.nt.gov.au/health/healthdev/health_promotion/bushbook/volume2/chap1/body_alcohol.gifhttp://www.nt.gov.au/health/healthdev/health_promotion/bushbook/volume2/chap1/body_alcohol.gif Need • 14 million people in the United States suffer from alcoholism • Long term drinking can lead to Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
http://www.drgaryseeman.com/800px-Ethanol-3D-balls.png http://www.jpp.krakow.pl/journal/archive/1203_s4/gfx/rys16_2.jpg Knowledge Base-Alcohol Alcohols Effect on the Brain Ethanol Alcohol- CH3CH2OH
Knowledge Base- Short Term Memory Foot -Shock
http://www.bcm.edu/labs/davis/researchprojects.htm Olfactory Memory
Heberlein, Ulrike. "Genetics of Alcohol-Induced Behaviors in Drosophila." (2000). Inebriometer • Found that Drosophila have similar intoxication patterns to humans http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh24-3/185-188.pdf
Laurie, C. C. "Genetic basis of the difference in alcohol dehydrogenase expression between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans." (1990). • Found that flies can develop tolerance to alcohol Adh gene and fragments http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=55235&blobtype=pdf
Moore, Monica. "Ethanol Intoxication in Drosophila:Genetic and Pharmacological Evidence for Regulation by the cAMP Signaling Pathway." (1998). • Found that the cAMP signaling system plays a role in meditating alcohols affects Comparison between Control and chpd Drosophila Control and chpd http://www.northwestern.edu/neurobiology/faculty/allada2/gbbpapers/MooreHeberlein98.pdf
LaFerriere, 2008 "Genetic Dissociation of Ethanol Sensitivity and Memory Formation in Drosophila melanogaster Heat Box Test • Relation between ethanol sensitivity and learning mechanisms in Drosophila http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/9/5/349.full.pdf • Laferriere, Holly, and Douglas J. Guarnieri. "Genetic Dissociation of Ethanol Sensitivity and Memory Formation in Drosophila melanogaster." (2008). Genetics. <http://www.genetics.org/cgi/content/full/178/4/1895/>.
Hypothesis Null : The ethanol exposure will have no effect on the short term memory of Drosophila melanogaster. Alternate: The Drosophila exposed to ethanol will have impaired short term memory, and the Drosophila who are not, will not (LaFerriere, 08).
Purpose • The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate the effects of alcohol exposure on short term memory in drosophila.
Methodology Alcohol’s Effect on Short term Memory In Drosophila Canton S- flies never exposed to alcohol Canton S flies exposed to 200 proof ethanol Flies placed at top of inebriometer while being pumped 200 proof ethanol, time elapsed for flies to reach bottom is measured Flies shocked for 60-second intervals, 4 times, with 10 minutes in between, while simultaneously being pumped 3-octanol 5 hours later, the flies are lowered between 3-octanol (familiar scent) and 4- methycyclihexanol (unfamiliar), those that move away from the 3-oct are said to have formed short-term memory. Data analyzed using a performance index, to show learning, and Chi Squared, to show the significance between the expected and observed data.
Training and Testing Apparatus Photos taken by researcher
Do ability • Olfactory training and testing apparatus is already in the lab • Inebriometer is available in the lab • Training and testing process for memory is already known
Bibliography • "Alcohol." McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology. 8th ed. Pennsylvania: McGraw-Hill, 1997. 396-401. • “Alcohol Damages Day-to-Day Memory Function”. 2009. The New York Times. <http://alcoholism.about.com/cs/dementia/a/blacer030617.htm> • "Alcohol Dementia." 2009. The New York Times. <http://alcoholism.about.com/od/dementia/Alcohol_Dementia.htm> • Bayard, Max. "Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome - March 15, 2004 - American Family Physician." American Academy of Family Physicians. 2004. 25 May 2009 <http://www.aafp.org/afp/20040315/1443.html>. • Ericson, Nels. "Substance Abuse:The Nation’s Number One Health Problem." 2001. U.S. Department of Justice. <http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/fs200117.pdf>. • Farr, Susan. "Drinking for just eight weeks impairs learning and memory in mice." Science, Industry and Business: the innovations-report. 15 May 2009 <http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/life_sciences/report-45402.html>. • Grant B, Harford TC, Dawson DA, et al. Prevalence of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence, United States 1992. Alcohol Health & Research World 18(3). 1994. • Heberlein, Ulrike, Fred W. Wolf, Adrian Rothenfluh and Douglas J. Guarnier, “Molecular Genetic Analysis of Ethanol Intoxication In Drosophila Melangaster” Department of Anatomy and Program in Neuroscience. 2004. • Laferriere, Holly, and Douglas J. Guarnieri. "Genetic Dissociation of Ethanol Sensitivity and Memory Formation in Drosophila melanogaster." (2008). Genetics. <http://www.genetics.org/cgi/content/full/178/4/1895/>. • Laurie, C. C. "Genetic basis of the difference in alcohol dehydrogenase expression between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans." (1990). • Miller, Loren L., and Michael P. Dolan. "SpringerLink - Journal Article." SpringerLink Home - Main. 1973. <http://www.springerlink.com/content/u0161w1781274g83/>. • Moore, Monica, and Jim DeZazzo. "Ethanol Intoxication in Drosophila:Genetic and Pharmacological Evidence for Regulation by the cAMP Signaling Pathway." (1998). <http://www.northwestern.edu/neurobiology/faculty/allada2/gbbpapers/MooreHeberlein98.pdf>. • Mumenthaler. “Martin Gender Differences in Moderate drinking effect alcohol Health & Research World” 1999. • Sullivan Ashburner. “Hawley, Drosophila Protocols.” Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. 1996. • Windberg,Jan Olof “Drosophila Melanogaster Alcohol Dehydrogenase: Pridyct- Inhibition.” 1994.