Chapters 1 & 2

1. Chapters 1 & 2 Review

2. True/False Questions • 1. A database is any collection of related data. • 2. A DBMS is a software system to facilitate the creation and maintenance of a computerized database. • 3. End-users can be categorized into casual, designer, or parametric users. • 4. Typical GIS functionality is to define and create a particular database in terms of its data types, structures, and constraints.

3. True/False Questions • 5. Data redundancy exists when the same data is stored at multiple places. • 6. A database always maintains a collection of unrelated data. • 7. A database system is a software system to enable users to create and maintain a computerized database. • 8. End-users can be categorized into casual, naïve, sophisticated, or stand-alone users.

4. True/False Questions • 9. Typical DBMS functionality is to define and create a particular database in terms of its data types, structures, and constraints. • 10. Data redundancy exists when the same data is stored at one place. • 11. A database is a very large software system used for processing related data. • 12. DBMS stands for DataBase Manipulation Systems.

5. True/False Questions • 13. End-users can be categorized into casual, naive, or developer users. • 14. Typical DBMS functionality is to define and create a particular database in terms of its data types, structures, and constraints. • 15. The DBMS stores definitions of the data elements and their relationships (metadata) in a data dictionary.

6. Multiple-Choice Questions • 1. A data model is a collection of concepts that can be used to describe the ___________ of a database. a. structure b. extension c. state d. instance

7. Multiple-Choice Questions • 2. __________ schema describes physical storage structures and access paths. a. Internal b. Conceptual c. External d. DBMS

8. Multiple-Choice Questions • 3. In three-schema architecture, user views are defined at ____________ schema. a. internal b. external c. logical d. physical

9. Multiple-Choice Questions • 4. Which of the following is incorrect? a. Database state is the actual data stored in a database at a particular moment in time. b. Database state is called database intension. c. Database state is called database instance. d. Database schema is a description of the structure of the data in a database.

10. Multiple-Choice Questions • 5. ___ data independence is the capacity to change the internal schema without having to change the conceptual schema. a. Logical b. Physical c. Static d. Dynamic

11. Multiple-Choice Questions • 6. A data model is a collection of concepts that can be used to describe the structure of a database, the _____ for manipulating these structures, and certain constraints that the database should obey. a. skills b. jobs c. operations d. types

12. Multiple-Choice Questions • 7. _____ data model provides concepts that are close to the way many users perceive data. a. Internal b. Conceptual c. Physical d. External

13. Multiple-Choice Questions • 8. External schema describes the various user _____________. a. programs b. menus c. views d. paths

14. Multiple-Choice Questions • 9. Which of the following is correct? a. Database schema changes frequently, but database state does not change. b. Database schema is specified during database design. c. Database schema changes frequently. d. The database schema changes more often than the database state.

15. Multiple-Choice Questions • 10. ___ data independence is the capacity to change the conceptual schema without having to change the external schemas and their associated application programs. a. Logical b. Physical c. Static d. Dynamic

16. Multiple-Choice Questions • 11. A ___________ is a collection of concepts that can be used to describe the structure of a database, the operations for manipulating these structures, and certain constraints that the database should obey. a. database instance b. database extension c. database state d. data model

17. Multiple-Choice Questions • 12. ___________ schema describes the structure and constraints for the whole database. a. Internal b. Conceptual c. External d. DBMS

18. Multiple-Choice Questions • 13. ____________ data model provides concepts that describe details of how data is stored in the computer. a. Semantic b. Conceptual c. Physical d. External

19. Multiple-Choice Questions • 14. Which of the following is correct? a. Database state is the actual data stored in a database at a particular moment in time. b. Database state is called database intension. c. Database schema is called database instance. d. The database schema changes more often than the database state.

20. Multiple-Choice Questions • 15. A DBMS that supports a database located at multiple sites is called _________ DBMS. a. centralized b. multi –user c. distributed d. single-user

21. Multiple-Choice Questions • 16. In a database system, _________ are known facts that can be recorded and have an implicit meaning. a. entities b. data models c. views d. data

22. Multiple-Choice Questions • 17. _______ level of the Three Schema Architecture describes part of the database that a particular user group is interested in. a. Internal b. Conceptual c. View d. Logical

23. Multiple-Choice Questions • 18. Select the incorrect (غير صحيحة) statement about database. a. It represents some aspect of the real world. b. It is a random assortment of data. c. It is designed, built, and populated with data for a specific purpose. d. It is a collection of related data.

24. Multiple-Choice Questions • 19. ____ data independence refers to the capacity to change internal schema without having to change the conceptual schema. a. Physical b. Logical c. Conceptual d. External

25. Multiple-Choice Questions • 20. __________ data models use concepts such entities, attributes, and relationships. a. Low-level b. Physical c. Conceptual d. Implementation

26. Multiple-Choice Questions • 21. Data stored in database at a particular moment in time is a database ____________. a. schema b. state c. intention d. meta-data

27. Multiple-Choice Questions • 22. A _____________ is a collection of software that supports the creation, use, and maintenance of databases. a. database b. database administrator c. database management system d. data model

28. Multiple-Choice Questions • 23. ________ database users access database occasionally when needed. a. Casual b. Naïve c. Parametric d. Stand-alone

29. Multiple-Choice Questions • 24. A _________ is a unit of work that includes one or more reads or updates of database records, and it should be processed reliably without interference from other users and without loss of data due to failures. a. Client/Server b. Transaction c. Data model d. Schema

30. Multiple-Choice Questions • 25. Using DBMS has many advantages (فوائد), except (ما عدا) ________. a. Increases redundancy b. Restricts unauthorized access c. Provides backup and recovery d. Enforces integrity constraints