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Understand the basic properties and structure of an atom, including its subatomic particles, as well as how to read and use the periodic table. Learn about elements and compounds.
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Q: What’s an atom? • The smallest piece of matter that still has all the properties and characteristics of that type of matter • EX. An atom of gold still has the same chemical and physical properties as a chunk of gold
Q: What’s an atom? • Brownian Motion • Perpetual movement of particles (atoms jiggling/vibrating) • Named after Robert Brown (Scottish botanist).
Q: What does an atom look like? • An atom is mostly empty space • Atoms have a small, dense nucleus at their center • Atoms contain what we call subatomic particles (3 subatomic particles)
Q: What does an atom look like?(3 subatomic particles) • Electron (symbol e-) • Location- electron cloud (outside nucleus) • Charge- negative (each electron has a -1 charge) • Relative mass- 1/1840 • 1/1840 the size of the other particles = SMALL
Q: What does an atom look like?(3 subatomic particles) • Proton (symbol p+) • Location- nucleus • Charge- positive (each proton has a +1 charge) • Relative mass- 1
Q: What does an atom look like?(3 subatomic particles) • Nucleus (symbol n0) • Location- nucleus • Charge- neutral (each neutron has zero charge, not charged at all!) • Relative mass- 1
Draw a picture of an atom below. Label each of the three subatomic particles, as well as the nucleus and electron cloud.
Q: What is the overall charge of the nucleus in an atom? Why? • Nucleus is made of protons and neutrons (p+ and n0) • Since the only charged particles are protons and they have a positive charge, the overall charge is positive
Break Time • Structure of the Atom Worksheet (ChemQuest 8) with questions • Use the diagrams and information on the front of the sheet to answer the questions on the back.
Q: What is the Periodic Table? • Where we can look to find elements • Any element in the world is found here. If it’s not here, it’s not an element. • For example: • Hydrogen and oxygen are found on the PT (H and O), they are both elements. • Water is made of these elements (H2O), but is not found on the PT. Water is a COMPOUND, not an element
Q: What is the Periodic Table? • The table is organized based on physical and chemical properties/characteristics of elements such as: • What will happen when it is mixed with a certain chemical? • How many of each subatomic particle are present? • What state of matter is it at room temperature? • What does it look like (shiny, dull, etc)? • How big is an atom of that element?
Q: How do I read the periodic table? • First, you must realize that each box contains information about ONE ELEMENT
Q: How do I read the periodic table? • The smaller number in each box (usually at the top) is called the atomic number. • Tells us how many p+ an atom of that element has • Tells us how many e- an atom of that element has • *** This is true ONLY if the atom has an overall NEUTRAL CHARGE
Atomic Number 8 Atomic Number O Oxygen 15.999
Q: How do I read the periodic table? • The larger number (usually at the bottom) represents the atomic mass. • Measured in amu (atomic mass units) • Tells us the total number of p+ and n0 in an atom • How can I use this to find JUST the number of n0? • Atomic mass – Atomic number = # n0 • Atomic mass MUST be rounded to the nearest whole number
Atomic Mass 8 O Oxygen Atomic Mass (amu) 15.999
Q: How do I read the periodic table? • Chemical Symbol • Usually only one or two letters • Some have three letters- these are manmade and will likely get renamed. • First letter is always capital, second is always lowercase • Some symbols are based on the Latin names for the element • Ex. Aurum – gold – Au Ferrum – iron – Fe
Chemical Symbol and Name 8 O Chemical Symbol Chemical Name Oxygen 15.999
Example: Find the element Bismuth (Bi) on your PT. • Atomic Number: 83 • Atomic Mass: 207 (approx) • Symbol: Bi • # p+ = 83 • # e- = 83 • # n0 = 124 (207 – 83)
Agenda Items • Atomic Math Challenge- due tomorrow