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Energy Transformations: Potential vs Kinetic Energy and Conservation

Learn about energy transformations from potential to kinetic energy, forms of energy, energy versus matter, and work in physics. Explore examples and understand how machines affect work efficiency.

kathleenjones
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Energy Transformations: Potential vs Kinetic Energy and Conservation

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  1. KEY TERMS • Anenergy transformationoccurs when energy changes from one form to another. • Energy transformationsoccur in energy production (as in conversions of energy for use in everyday life). • Potential Energyis the energy that is stored because of an object’s position. • The energy of an object due to its motion is called Kinetic Energy. TAKE NOTES!

  2. Forms of Energy

  3. What is Energy? Energy is the ability to cause change An exertion of force The ability to do work Potential(stored) and Kinetic(motion) a separate division of each type of energy

  4. TAKE NOTES! POTENTIAL ENERGY Energy an object has because of its position

  5. TAKE NOTES! KINETIC ENERGY • Energy of motion. Only a moving object has kinetic energy • Amount of energy depends on speed and mass

  6. EXAMPLE 1 POSITION 1 Potential Energy The boulder at the top of the hill has potential energy and no kinetic energy. POSITION 2 Kinetic Energy Potential Energy As the boulder rolls down the hill, the potential energy transforms into kinetic energy and kinetic energy becomes greater until POSITION 3 The boulder is in a resting position with low potential energy and no kinetic energy.

  7. TAKE NOTES! Energy vs. Matter everything on Earth is either energy or matter • Matter has mass • and weight • Matter takes up • space • Matter is NOT • energy CONSERVATION of ENERGY – energy can not be created or destroyed • Energy has no mass or weight • Energy does not take up space • Energy is NOT matter

  8. FORMS OF ENERGY R E C T M N TAKE NOTES! Radiant – infrared/absorbed Electrical - power Chemical - chemicals Thermal - heat Mechanical – motion Nuclear – atoms nuclei

  9. Work is the amount of energy transferred by a force acting through a distance. Work=Force x Distance (W=F x d) Joule(J)- unit used to measure work 1 J= amount of work done moving a force of 1 Newton a distance of 1 meter 1J=1 N/M

  10. Machines Can… TAKE NOTES! Make work EASIER to accomplish (but amount is the same) Change magnitude of force required to accomplish task Change direction of force required to accomplish task

  11. Machines Cannot… TAKE NOTES! • Decrease the amount of work necessary to accomplish a given task • Have 100% efficiency • Run perpetually

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