isolation precautions

1. isolation precautions

2. isolation precautions transmission- Based precautions Standard Precautions

3. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS all patients, all settings, at all times.

4. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS blood body fluids secretions, excretions mucous membra nonintact skin, except sweat

5. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS hand hygiene

6. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS hand hygiene

8. Personal Protective Equipment

9. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS personal protective equipment gowns gloves masks and eye protection

10. Recommendations for Gloving Remove gloves that are torn, cut or punctured Do not wash, disinfect or sterilize gloves for reuse

11. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS safe needle practices

12. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette any person with signs of cough congestion, rhinorrhea increased production of respiratory secretions when entering a healthcare facility

13. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS • Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette • education of healthcare facility staff, patients, and visitors • source control measures: covering the mouth/nose with a tissue when coughing and prompt disposal of used tissues, using surgical masks on the coughing person when tolerated and appropriate

14. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette hand hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions spatial separation, ideally >3 feet, of persons with respiratory infections in common waiting areas when possible.

15. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette Healthcare personnel who have a respiratory infection: avoid direct patient contact, especially with high risk patients. If this is not possible, then a mask should be worn while providing patient care.

16. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS • Infection Control Practices for Special Lumbar Puncture Procedures: • Face masks are effective in limiting the dispersal of oropharyngealdroplets • Myelo gram, lumbar puncture, spinal anesthesia • placement of central venous catheters

17. Transmission-Based Precautions

19. Transmission-Based Precautions Contact Precautions, Droplet Precautions Airborne Precautions.

20. Transmission-Based Precautions Airborne precautions

22. Transmission-Based Precautions Airborne precautions (HEPA) filters capable of removing 99.97% of particles ≥0.3 μm in diameter

23. Airborne precautions:

24. Transmission-Based Precautions Airborne precautions monitored negative pressure relative to the surrounding area, 12 air exchanges per hour for new construction and renovation 6air exchanges per hour for existing facilities, air exhausted directly to the outside or recirculated through HEPA filtration before return.

25. Airborne precautions: • rubeola virus (measles ) • varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox). • variola virus (smallpox) may be transmitted over long distances through the air under unusual circumstances • MERS • Monkeypox • Tuberculosis, pulmonary, laryngeal; draining lesion (e.g., from osteomyelitis) • Zoster (disseminated; immunocompromised patient until dissemination ruled out)

26. Airborne precautions: Syndromes (Before Pathogen Identification): Vesicular rash* Maculopapularrash with cough, coryza, and fever Cough, fever, upper lobe pulmonary infiltrate Cough, fever, any pulmonary infiltrate in an HIV-infected patient or at high risk for HIV Cough, fever, any pulmonary infiltrate, recent travel to regions with outbreaks of SARS or avian influenza

27. Transmission-Based Precautions Droplet Precautions

28. Transmission-Based Precautions Droplet Precautions pathogens do not remain infectious over long distances special air handling and ventilation are not required A single patient room is preferred

29. Transmission-Based Precautions Droplet Precautions: When a single-patient room is not available cohorting, keeping the patient with an existing roommate . Spatial separation of ≥3 feet and drawing the curtain between patient beds is especially important for patients

30. Transmission-Based Precautions • Droplet Precautions: • Healthcare personnel wear a mask (a respirator is not necessary) for close contact with infectious patient; • the mask is generally donned upon room entry. • Patients on Droplet Precautions who must be transported outside of the room should wear a mask if tolerated.

31. Droplet Precautions • pertussis, • influenza virus, • adenovirus, • rhinovirus, • N. meningitides, • group A streptococcus (for the first 24 hours of antimicrobial therapy). • Viral hemorrhagic fevers*

32. Droplet Precautions: • Meningitis • Petechial or ecchymoticrash with fever • Paroxysmal or severe persistent cough during periods of • pertussis activity • Respiratory tract infection in infants and young children*

33. Transmission-Based Precautions CONTACT PRECAUTIONS

34. CONTACT PRECAUTIONS • from an infected or colonized patient • through direct contact (touching the patient) or indirect contact (touching contaminated objects or surfaces in the patient’s environment). • placed in a private room, although patients infected with the same organism may • be placed in the same room when private rooms are not available

35. CONTACT PRECAUTIONS • multidrug-resistant bacteria (e.g., MRSA, VRE, multi drugresistantgram-negative bacilli) • C. difficile infection, • infections transmitted by the fecal-oral route (e.g., Shigella, rotavirus, hepatitis A virus infections) in patients who are diapered or incontinent, and acute diarrheal diseases

36. CONTACT PRECAUTIONS • norovirus to cause institutional outbreaks, . • Infants and young children with respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, or enteroviral infection • neonatal,disseminated, or severe primary mucocutaneous herpes simplexvirus • Ectoparasiticinfestations (lice and scabies) • Patients with varicella or disseminated zoster require both contact and airborne precautions.