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In your own words, write out a definition of evolution.

Explore the concept of evolution and the theories of geologic change that influenced Darwin's theory. Learn about important naturalists, such as Carolus Linnaeus, Erasmus Darwin, and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, and their ideas on biological and geologic change. Discover how Georges Cuvier, James Hutton, and Charles Lyell contributed to our understanding of the earth's history.

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In your own words, write out a definition of evolution.

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  1. In your own words, write out a definition of evolution.

  2. Read about the star-nosed mole in your book on page 297.

  3. KEY CONCEPT There were theories of biological and geologic change before Darwin.

  4. Early scientists proposed ideas about evolution. • Evolution is the biological change process by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors.

  5. Carolus Linnaeus: created a classification system from kingdom to species • Came to believe that animals could change over time. Some could have arisen through hybridization. • A species is a group of organisms that can reproduce and have fertile offspring. • There were many important naturalists in the 1700s.

  6. Georges Louis Leclerc de Buffon • based on evidence of past life on earth (fossils), he believed that species shared ancestors rather than arising separately • believed the world was much more than 6000 years old • There were many important naturalists in the 1700s.

  7. Erasmus Darwin (Charles Darwin’s grandfather) • Proposed that all living things were descendants of a common ancestor • more-complex forms developed from less-complex forms • There were many important naturalists in the 1700s.

  8. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck • Believed that all organisms evolved toward perfection and complexity • environmental change leads to use or disuse of a structure (organ, limb, etc.). We know this is not true. • There were many important naturalists in the 1700s.

  9. Theories of geologic change set the stage for Darwin’s theory. • There were three theories of geologic change supporting the idea that the earth was mush older. • Catastrophism • Gradualism • Uniformitarianism

  10. Theories of geologic change set the stage for Darwin’s theory. • Georges Cuvier- geologist • Did not believe that species could change, but believed that they could become extinct. • Observed stratum (layers of rock) each held specific types of fossils (traces of organisms that existed in the past (ex. bones, eggs, carbon prints, tracks, nests, poop)) • Catastrophism- natural disasters happened in the past, could shaped the land and make organisms go extinct.

  11. Theories of geologic change set the stage for Darwin’s theory. • James Hutton- geologist • Gradualism- changes in landforms happened slowly over a long period of time • Charles Lyell- geoloist • Uniformitarianism- states that the geologic processes that shaped earth are uniform through time

  12. Uniformitarianism is the prevailing theory of geologic change.

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