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Topic 3.5 – Pressure in Fluids – PASCAL’S LAW

Topic 3.5 – Pressure in Fluids – PASCAL’S LAW. Unit 2 – Mix and Flow of Matter. UNITS. Alright grade 8’s… Name me as many units as you can think of… Ready… GO!!!!. Pressure. Pressure is the amount of force applied to a given area. Measured in pascals (Pa)

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Topic 3.5 – Pressure in Fluids – PASCAL’S LAW

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  1. Topic 3.5 – Pressure in Fluids – PASCAL’S LAW Unit 2 – Mix and Flow of Matter

  2. UNITS • Alright grade 8’s… • Name me as many units as you can think of… • Ready… • GO!!!!

  3. Pressure • Pressure is the amount of force applied to a given area. • Measured in pascals (Pa) • A pascal equals the force of 1 N (newton) over an area of 1 m2 • The MORE force you can apply to an area, the GREATER the pressure

  4. Formula • The formula for calculating pressure is: P = F A P = pressure (Pa) F = force (N) A = area (m2)

  5. Example • You have a force of 10 N on an area of 2 m2. What would the pressure be? Area = 2 m2 Force = 10 N Pressure = ? P = 10 N 2 m2 P = 5 Pa

  6. Kilopascals • A pascal is a VERY SMALL amount of pressure. • Most scientists will measure pressure in kilopascals (kPa) • 1 kPa = 1000 Pa • A ballet dancer standing on the toes of ONE foot exerts 2500 kPa of pressure on the floor. • How many pascals is this?

  7. Pressure and Depth • Water in a tin can is exerting pressure on all the walls of the tin can • If we were to punch TWO holes in this tin can, how would the water come out?

  8. Tin can experiment • The water is coming out almost in the exact same way. • Why is this? • The weight of the water in the upper part of the tin can is pressed down on the water in the lower part. • The more water above the hole, the more pressure.

  9. Pascal’s Law • Meet Pascal -------- • Handsome man eh? • Pascal developed a law to explain how pressure is equal in all directions in fluids

  10. Pascal’s Law states that an enclosed fluid transmits pressure EQUALLY in all directions. • Let’s look at some examples to figure out what the heck this handsome man (haha) is trying to tell us 

  11. Hydraulic Devices • Hydraulic systems use a liquid as the enclosed fluid • Just like we saw in Bill Nye with the cars.

  12. Car lifts

  13. Advantages to Hydraulic Systems • In the lift we just saw, the output force is 16 TIMES greater than the input force. • A benefit of this type of system is it can multiply force.

  14. Pneumatic Systems • Pneumatic systems use air to do tasks. • Examples of this would be • Dentist drills, jack hammers, paint sprayers and air brakes on trucks • These cost less and are more safe than hydraulic systems

  15. 5m2 50m2 Example • Study the diagram below. If the input force is 100N, what is the output force?

  16. Maintaining Pressure • For a hydraulic and pneumatic system to function properly, the entire system must be SEALED • The smallest hole or leak causes the system to fail.

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