European Involvement

1. European Involvement World War II Notes

2. Prelude to War • Terms that you should know • Militarism • Nationalism • Imperialism

3. Countries involved in World War 2 AXIS POWERS ALLIED POWERS Germany Italy Japan • France • Great Britain • United States • Russia

4. Prelude to War • New forms of governments formed after World War 1 • Totalitarian rule-Idea that a government exerts total control over a nation. • Fascism- Emphasizes the importance of the nation or an ethnic group and the supreme authority of the ruler. (ITALY) • Nazism-The belief in Germany of the superiority of an ethnic group or race • Socialism- where everyone is created equal and the nation is to provide for everything for everybody.

5. Prelude to War (Russia) • New forms of governments formed after World War 1 • Communism- A system of government in which a nation is created where it has no individual states, money is not important and that a class system doesn’t exist. (Russia and today China) • Leader-Stalin • Comes to power in 1924 after Lenin’s Death and has his own idea’s of Communism

6. Prelude to War (Russia) • Stalin’s Economic plans for Russia • Agriculture • Combined family farms into huge collectives run by the state. (Cooperatives) • This led to terrible shortages of food and Stalin punished his own people who resisted the changes. (Either killed them or sent them to prison camps in Siberia.) pg 569 • Industry • Took his people and assigned them to build industrial centers to produce coal, iron, oil etc. • Guns versus butter-Stalin put all of the Soviet Unions wealth and money into industry, there was a shortage of housing, clothing and food.

7. Prelude to War • How did Stalin accomplish all of this in 10 years??? • Purges-removing enemies and undesirable people from power • Reign of Terror-Stalin removed anyone who could threaten his power in the Communist party by trials • By 1939- • 7 million arrested, 1 million executed and millions more in forced labor camps.

8. Prelude to War (Italy) • Fascism- • Leader- Benito Mussolini • Fought in world war 1, angry over the agreements of the Versailles Treaty, started to speak up against the government • Formed the Fascist party and started to take control by using gangs to gain power. • Named Prime Minister when Mussolini threated to march on Rome, Italy.

9. Prelude to War (Italy) • Fascism- • Leader- Benito Mussolini • To end Italy's economic problems they outlawed • Elections • Other political parties • Established a dictatorship with him in control.

10. Prelude to War (Germany) • Nazism- • Leader-Adolf Hitler • Wounded in World War 1 also. • Had a profound hatred of the war-guilt cause, which blamed Germany for the war. • Formed the Nazi party in response to what was happening in Germany at this time (Unemployment, Inflation, Starvation, etc.) • Great Public Speaker and attracted many followers after the war.

11. Prelude to War (Germany) • The Nazi Party • November 1923-Hitler tried to overthrow the German government and was sentenced to prison for 5 years (9 months served) • Mein Kampf “My Struggle” • proposed anger over the Treaty of Versailles • Build up of Germany’s military-Militarism • Expanding Germany’s borders-Imperialism • Purifying the Aryan (German) race by removing those who were considered undesirable.

12. Prelude to war • Prelude to war part 1 • Prelude to war part 2 • Prelude to war part 3

14. Germany’s Goals • Wanted to avoid a long war • Germany's strategy was to defeat its opponents in a series of short campaigns • Strategy: "Blitzkrieg" (lightning war)

15. Germany’s Strategy: Blitzkrieg • Tactic based on speed surprise, co-ordination and movement. • Designed to hit hard and then move on instantly • Video • Required the application of offensive weapons • Tanks, planes, and artillery (foot soldiers) • Causes shock and disorganization among the enemy defenses

16. How did it work? • German air power prevented the enemy from adequately resupplying or redeploying forces and thereby from sending reinforcements to seal breaches in the front. German forces could in turn surround opposing troops and force surrender. • Hitler Unleashes Blitzkrieg • German’s invaded Poland September 1st 1939

18. Germany invades Western Europe • Denmark and Norway-April 9th 1940 • Defeated after 5 days • Belgium • Defeated in 3 weeks • Ultimately France- • June 10th France Surrendered • Most of Europe was under German Control with only Great Britain left to defend itself.

19. Battle of Dunkirk • Defense and evacuation of British and allied forces in Europe from 26 May–4 June 1940s • Part of the Battle of France • Operation Dynamo • 850 “Little Ships” • 2,000 troops per hour • Nine days later, 338,226 trapped people were rescued • DURKIRK SPIRIT • MIRACLE OF DELIVERANCE

21. Robert Tierney, Dorset Regiment returning back from Dunkirk • We saw these small specks popping about all over the place, only when they got real close did we then realize that they were small boats, small boats in their hundreds going the other way. Then we saw that all these craft were manned by civilians, some even wearing trilby hats and smart jackets. They waved to us as they passed and anyone would think that they were on a Sunday cruise down to Windsor, these fellows had no idea as to what was at the end of their journey. A couple of fellows by the handrail gave them a cheer, and suddenly just about every soldier on our ship then gave three hearty cheers lifting their hats at the same time.

26. Lebensraum “Living Space” • Wanted space for the “superior race” – Nazi Nationalists • The “inferior race” living on Nazi territory – Gypsies and the Jews • Sent to concentration camps or ghettos for slave labor or to be sent to death – RESETTLEMENT • The Nazis stripped away the Jews lives and their identities in an effort to expand their own race at the expense and mistreatment of the Jewish race. 

28. Battle of Britain • Immediately after the defeat of France, Adolf Hitler ordered his generals to organize the invasion of Britain. • Objective was to land 160,000 German soldiers along a forty-mile coastal stretch of south-east England. • video

29. Battle in the Air Luftwaffe: Germany’s large number of fighter planes • Royal Air Force (RAF): Britain's fighter planes • German fighters could only stay over England for about half an hour before flying back to their home bases. • Britain had a radar system • On the 12th August, 1940, the German air force began its mass bomber attacks on British radar stations, aircraft factories and fighter airfields

30. Battle of Britain: End • The climax of the Battle of Britain came on the 30th-31st August • British lost 50 aircraft compared to the Germany's 41. • The RAF were close to defeat but Adolf Hitler then changed his tactics and ordered the Luftwaffe to switch its attack from British airfields, factories and docks to civilian targets. • This decision was the result of a bombing attack on Berlin

31. Damage in London • London was bombed by the Germans = The Blitz • During the conflict the Royal Air Force lost 792 planes and the Luftwaffe 1,389. There were 2,353 men from Great Britain and 574 from overseas who were members of the air crews that took part in the Battle of Britain. • An estimated 544 were killed and a further 791 lost their lives in the course of their duties before the war came to an end.

32. Response Journal Put your feet in the life of a European teen your age during this time period. You can choose to write about being in the shoes of a soldier during a battle, a civilian caught in a battle, or a prisoner in a concentration camp. I expect you to sincerely reflect with the knowledge you learned about the Nazi’s tactics and the morale the underdogs held. Highlight tactics, concepts, and battles we discussed in class. 1-2 paragraphs No grammar/spelling errors. Due in the beginning of class tomorrow. – 10 points… 2 minutes of writing time.

33. Section 3

34. Prelude to war (Japan) • Japan as a modern power • Fought wars versus china (1894) and Russia (1904) (Defeated them both) • Early 1920s, A series of Recessions in the Japanese Economy • Went into a depression as a result of the Great Depression in the United States • Nationalism • Manchurian Incident – Start of Japanese involvement in the pacific • Japan Needed resources to feed its people and to power its industry. • Feb 1932 • Pg 583 Japan’s imperialism

35. Prelude to war (Japan) • Military slowly took control by a series of assassinations after the Manchurian incident • China • Sino-Japanese war Japan invades China in 1937 • Video • Burma Road • Britain's attempt to help the Chinese by sending supplies down a highway that linked Myanmar to China

36. Prelude to war (Japan) • By annexing the neighboring countries and a build up of its’ military forces, Japan became a world power at this time

38. United States (Pre WW2)

39. Prelude to War (U.S.) • Neutrality acts- • 1935-Banned U.S. for selling weapons to nations at war • 1936-Banned loans to nations at war • 1937-Permitted trade in non-military goods as long as they paid cash and transported the goods themselves (CASH AND CARRY) • ALL EXAMPLES OF ISOLATIONISM • Fireside chats

40. Prelude to War (U.S.) • America’s Role in World Politics • FDR wanted to be more involved but the Great Depression keep Roosevelt focused on Domestic matters. • America’s economy was recovering slowly • America’s opinions were to support Britain and go against Germany and Italy (Axis Powers)

41. Prelude to War (U.S.) • America’s Role in World Politics • Exchange of old Navy Destroyers for military bases in the Western Hemisphere • Thought that the exchange would lead the United States into war • America First Committee-Group that wanted to prevent further aid to Britain, saying that any more involvement would plunge the nation into war.

42. Prelude to War (U.S.) • Lend Lease-Lending Britain money and supplies instead of charging them cash. • Pearl Harbor • Dec 7th 1941 • Japan attacks the United States • VIDEO • VIDEO 2 • President’s speech

43. Chapter 18 The World at war

44. Chapter 18 Section 1 • America prepares for war • Fireside Chat • America out of the great depression creates industries geared to production of war products (Guns, ammo, ships, etc) GUNS VS. BUTTER • The American public goes through a series of steps for rationing products • Rationing-limiting the supply of goods sent to the people of a country during a time of crisis.

45. Chapter 18 Section 1 • Steps to rationing • Office of War Mobilization- • VIDEO • Victory garden- • Black Market- • Ration Card- • Ration Stamps-

46. Victory garden-

47. Ration Card-

48. Ration Stamps-

49. Black Market-

50. War in Europe Chapter 18 Section 2 • With the United States now into the war, the Allies and the Axis Powers are now defined as enemies. • The United States focuses all its might and energy into helping Great Britain defeat Nazi Germany and help in Europe.