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Ancient Rome and Early Christianity , 500 B.C. – A.D. 500

CHAPTER. 6. QUIT. Ancient Rome and Early Christianity , 500 B.C. – A.D. 500. Chapter Overview. Time Line. The Romans Create a Republic. 1. SECTION. The Roman Empire Brings Change. 2. SECTION. MAP. The Rise of Christianity. 3. SECTION. The Decline of the Roman Empire. 4.

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Ancient Rome and Early Christianity , 500 B.C. – A.D. 500

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  1. CHAPTER 6 QUIT Ancient Rome and Early Christianity, 500 B.C. – A.D. 500 Chapter Overview Time Line The Romans Create a Republic 1 SECTION The Roman Empire Brings Change 2 SECTION MAP The Rise of Christianity 3 SECTION The Decline of the Roman Empire 4 SECTION Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization 5 SECTION GRAPH Visual Summary

  2. CHAPTER 6 Chapter Overview HOME Ancient Rome and Early Christianity, 500 B.C. – A.D. 500 Rome becomes the center of an empire, which aids in the spread of Christianity. Eventually the Western Empire falls, while the Eastern Empire remains. The Greco-Roman culture helps shape Western thought and culture for centuries.

  3. CHAPTER 6 HOME Ancient Rome and Early Christianity, 500 B.C. – A.D. 500 Time Line 509 B.C.Rome becomes a republic. 218 B.C.In the Second Punic War, Hannibal invades Italy. A.D.284 Diocletian, who will divide the Roman Empire, becomes emperor. 500 B.C. A.D. 500 264 B.C.The First Punic War with Carthage begins. 44 B.C.Conspirators kill Julius Caesar. A.D.476 Western Roman Empire falls with the ouster of the last emperor, Romulus Augustulus.

  4. 1 HOME The Romans Create a Republic Key Idea The early Romans establish a republic on the Italian peninsula, conquer all of Italy, and defeat Carthage in a series of wars. The Romans create an extensive trade network. Overview Assessment

  5. 1 TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME The Romans Create a Republic Overview •republic •patrician •plebeian •tribune •consul •senate •dictator •legion •Hannibal •Scipio WHY IT MATTERS NOW The early Romans established a republic, which grew powerful and spread its influence. Some of the most fundamental values and institutions of Western civilization began in the Roman Republic. Assessment

  6. 1 1 Section Assessment HOME The Romans Create a Republic 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the main events that mark the growth of Rome into a powerful republic. 509 B.C. Romans overthrow Etruscan king. Republic established. 451 B.C. Twelve Tables created. 265 B.C. Italy conquered. 264-146 B.C. Punic Wars fought. 70 B.C. Rome controlled the Mediterranean. continued . . .

  7. 1 HOME The Romans Create a Republic 1 Section Assessment 2. Do you think the Roman Republic owed its success more to its form of government or to its army? Why? THINK ABOUT •the structure of the republic •how citizenship spread •Rome’s policies toward conquered peoples ANSWER The army’s conquests expanded the territory of Rome, which increased Rome’s power and wealth. However, the republic that Rome established gave it a stability that allowed it to grow by absorbing conquered peoples or making them allies. Possible Response: continued . . .

  8. 1 HOME The Romans Create a Republic 1 Section Assessment 3. How did the office of dictator contribute to the balance and stability of the Roman Republic? THINK ABOUT •the role of the dictator •the power of consuls •the need for speedy decisions in a crisis ANSWER A dictator could make the speedy decisions needed in a crisis, whereas the consuls could veto each other’s decisions, and the senate and assembly might take too long to make critical decisions. Possible Response: End of Section 1

  9. 2 HOME The Roman Empire Brings Change MAP Key Idea Problems in the republic lead to civil war. The republic collapses, and Julius Caesar becomes dictator. After Caesar’s assassination, Octavian emerges as Rome’s first emperor. Overview Assessment

  10. 2 TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME The Roman Empire Brings Change MAP Overview •civil war • Julius Caesar • triumvirate • absolute ruler • Augustus •Pax Romana • gladiator WHY IT MATTERS NOW The creation of the Roman Empire transformed Roman government, society, economy, and culture. The Roman Empire has served throughout history as a model of political organization and control. Assessment

  11. 2 2 Section Assessment Changes in Rome HOME The Roman Empire Brings Change MAP 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Explain how Rome changed during the Pax Romana. • Rome becomes an empire with one ruler. • Civil service system established. • Empire expands. • Roman way of life extends to the provinces. • Roman trade reaches India and China. • Road network increases trade. • Women have more freedom. • Religions of southwestern Asia become influential. • Gap between rich and poor increases. continued . . .

  12. 2 HOME The Roman Empire Brings Change MAP 2 Section Assessment 2. What role did Julius Caesar play in the decline of the republic and the rise of the empire?THINK ABOUT •the problems facing the republic •how Caesar helped restore order •Caesar’s defiance of the senate •Caesar’s rule as dictator ANSWER Caesar helped restore order, then seized power. His occupation of Rome and his rule as dictator effectively ended the republic. Possible Response: End of Section 2

  13. 3 HOME The Rise of Christianity Key Idea Christianity begins with the teachings of Jesus in Judea. The new religion spreads quickly throughout the empire. Overview Assessment

  14. 3 TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME The Rise of Christianity Overview •Jesus • apostle • Peter • Paul • Diaspora • bishop • pope • Constantine • heresy WHY IT MATTERS NOW Christianity arose in Roman-occupied Judea and spread throughout the Roman Empire. As the world’s most widespread religion, Christianity guides the lives of millions today. Assessment

  15. 3 HOME The Rise of Christianity 3 Section Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Describe five events that led to the spread of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire. Theodosius makes Christianity the empire’s official religion. Rome takes over Jewish kingdom. Jesus gathers many followers. Paul and other missionaries spread Jesus’ message. Constantine issues Edict of Milan. continued . . .

  16. 3 HOME The Rise of Christianity 3 Section Assessment 2. Do you think Christianity would have developed in the same way if it had arisen in an area outside the Roman Empire? Explain. THINK ABOUT •Jesus’ growing popularity •the effect of actions Rome took against Jesus and his followers •the depth of belief of Jesus’ followers •the advantages of being part of a vast empire ANSWER • No. Christianity would have grown more slowly outside the empire. • Yes. It would have spread just as fast or faster without Roman persecutions. Possible Responses: continued . . .

  17. 3 HOME The Rise of Christianity 3 Section Assessment 3. Who do you think did more to spread Christianity—Paul or Constantine? THINK ABOUT •Paul’s travels •the opening of Christianity to the Gentiles •Constantine’s power as an emperor ANSWER • Paul did more to spread Christianity because he carried it throughout the empire and welcomed Gentiles. • Constantine did more because he accepted Christianity and ended the persecution. Possible Responses: End of Section 3

  18. 4 HOME The Decline of the Roman Empire Key Idea The Roman Empire splits in two. Economic, military, and political decay and outside invaders bring down the Western Roman Empire, but the eastern half survives. Overview Assessment

  19. 4 TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME The Decline of the Roman Empire Overview • inflation • mercenary • Diocletian • Constantinople • Alaric • Attila WHY IT MATTERS NOW Internal problems and nomadic invasions spurred the division and decline of the Roman empire. The decline and fall of great civilizations is a repeating pattern in world history. Assessment

  20. 4 Decline of the Roman Empire Effects Causes Inflation Untrustworthy army Decreased citizen interest in government HOME The Decline of the Roman Empire 4 Section Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Identify the causes of each of the effects listed below. Gold and silver squandered; coins worth less Soldiers fought for money. Citizens had little influence; officials burdened with debts. The empire couldn’t maintain its defenses; army was weakened. continued . . .

  21. 4 HOME The Decline of the Roman Empire 4 Section Assessment 2. How do you think the splitting of the empire into two parts helped it survive for another 200 years? THINK ABOUT •the differences between the eastern and western halves of the empire •the advantages of a smaller empire ANSWER The wealthier eastern half included most of the empire’s great cities and trading centers. By creating a smaller area that was easier to defend, Constantine was able to preserve the empire for another 200 years. Possible Response: End of Section 4

  22. 5 HOME Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization GRAPH Key Idea Greco-Roman culture continues to influence the arts, science and technology, government, and legal systems of the Western world and other parts of the globe. Overview Assessment

  23. 5 TERMS & NAMES •Greco-Roman culture • Pompeii • Virgil • Tacitus • aqueduct MAIN IDEA HOME Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization GRAPH Overview WHY IT MATTERS NOW The Romans developed many ideas and institutions that became fundamental to Western civilization. Evidence of Roman culture is found throughout Europe and North America and in Asia and Africa. Assessment

  24. 5 Fine Arts Literature Engineering Law HOME Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization GRAPH 5 Section Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. For each of the categories below, list the accomplishments of Roman culture. Realistic sculpture, murals, mosaics Histories, Virgil’s Aeneid, Ovid’s Amores, Tacitus’s Annals and Histories Arch, dome, aqueduct, roads Equal treatment before the law, innocent until proven guilty, burden of proof on the accuser, unfair laws set aside continued . . .

  25. 5 HOME Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization GRAPH 5 Section Assessment 2. Which principle of law do you think has been Rome’s greatest contribution to modern legal systems? THINK ABOUT •equality before the law •innocent until proven guilty •unfair laws could be set aside ANSWER • •Equal treatment before the law because it erases class differences. • Innocent until proven guilty because there can be no punishment without conviction. • •Unfair laws can be set aside because bad laws can be changed. Possible Responses: continued . . .

  26. 5 HOME Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization GRAPH 5 Section Assessment 3. Why do you think the Greek philosophy of Stoicism was so appealing to Romans? THINK ABOUT •Stoic philosophy •the Roman citizen-soldier •Roman law ANSWER Stoicism emphasized virtue, duty, and endurance, qualities that would appeal to the citizen-soldier. Also, Stoics believed that human laws should be reasonable and just, concepts that influenced Roman legal systems. Possible Response: End of Section 5

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