English Revolution and Constitutional Monarch 20.1 and 20.2

1. English Revolution and Constitutional Monarch 20.1 and 20.2 • Powdered Heads to Powdered Kegs

2. What is the big picture? • 1600s-1800s are time of REVOLUTIONS! All types of revolutions! • For example the French overthrew their king and set up a republic • The English replaced one king with another and greatly limited the power of the monarchy • The British colonists in the Americas will revolt • Agricultural Revolution • Scientific Revolution • Philosophical Revolution

3. Let’s Begin With King Elizabeth

4. From there it seems to be all downhill... King Elizabeth Queen James I whoops, I meant King James I Charles I

5. Charles I • Divine Right of Kings means he • doesn’t listen to Parliment • They present him with the Petition of Right • king can’t tax people w/out permission of Parliment • he can’t declare martial law • can’t quarter soldiers in private homes in times of peace • can’t imprison someone w/out a specific charge he signed but ignored it - continued to tax as wanted - he dismissed Parliment because they kept complaining

6. Charles I He made people angry! • kept Parliment dissolved • made church services more formal (like the Catholic ceremonies) this angered Puritans • Used royal courts against his enemies...the Puritans • no quarantee of civil liberties • no juries and judges made decisions in secret - like the infamous Star Chamber • people didn’t like his absolute rule

7. Charles I National Covenant and Scottish Rebellion! • As Presbyterian Protestants they resent the forcing of Anglican ceremonies! • They signed the National Covenant stating they would never do this...they were loyal to their church more than their (resented-hated) British king • Charles I invades 2x but finally has to call in Parliment (and they aren’t leaving now!)

8. Long Parliment New Laws • King can’t dissolve Parliment • Parliment must meet at least one time every 3 years • tried to change Anglican Church but that wasn’t successful Meanwhile....bloody rebellion in British controlled lands of Ireland Parliment said they needed an army - Charles refused - Civil War Began in 1642

9. English Civil War Cavaliers Roundheads

10. English Civil War Oliver Cromwell Supporters of parliament = Roundheads and extreme Calvinist those Puritans Under Oliver Cromwell (military genius) Run Charles I out Parliment now the Rump Parliment England is a Commonwealth now Guess now would be a good time to leave town! I’ll go to Scotland psst...he didn’t make it - Cromwell had him beheaded!

11. English Civil War Oliver Cromwell Life is tough under Cromwell! 1653-1658 Life was ugly! lots of battles lots of gossip His rule - the Protectorate - was unpopular!

12. English Civil War Oliver Cromwell This rule would have ended earlier except for : 1. raised enough $ from taxes and land sales to make sure the army was well trained and equipped. 2. Army was disciplined & powerful 3. Enemies were not organized

13. English Civil War Trade and the Dutch! I’m not letting the Dutch controll all the trade and make all the money! • Navigation Act of 1651 • all goods coming to England from other countries need to be carried on English ships or by ships of the producing country. • War with Dutch!

14. End of English Civil War Cromwell dismissed Parliment He ruled alone He died 1660 Parliment invited Charles II to come back and be king! This is the period of Restoration!

15. Put It In Order • Parliament passed Petition of Rights • Charles I refused to call Parliament to session • Long Parliament began • Civil War broke out • Cromwell had Charles I killed • Cromwell ruled as lord protector • Cromwell “failed” to set up a constitution • Parliament invited Charles II to be King of England

16. Constitutional Monarchy

17. Constitutional Monarchy The Kings Return • Charles II • Restoration • Rebirth of English Culture

18. Constitutional Monarchy The Kings Return • Avoided fights with Parliament • Did fight with Dutch and won the American colony of New Amsterdam (renamed it New York) • French and British rivalry restarts - this one lasts 150 years!

19. Constitutional Monarchy The Kings Return • Wanted toleration of Catholicism • Parliment hated that! • He was forced to abandon any efforts to bring religious toleration

20. Charles II (Catholic) has no heir (the one that came back as the 1st king after the Cromwell fiasco - civil war • It looks like James II - his brother - an avowed Catholic might inherit! • England is divided over this issue • Not enough for another bloody civil war (the one with Cavaliers and Roundheads) • This will be a peaceful revolution

21. Constitutional Monarchy Tories Whigs • outlaws • believed James II (Roman Catholic) should rule • believed in Anglican Church • believed in monarchy - enough to accept a Roman Catholic ruler like James • horse thief = rebellious • OMG! James II is Catholic! • need/want strong Parliament and believed they had the right to oppose James as ruler

22. James II seems to be inheriting the throne Parliment divides over who should inherit throne Whigs v. Tories Glorious Revolution power passed without bloodshed English Bill of Rights signed Parliment offers throne to Protestant Mary (daughter of James II) and husband William of Orange

27. Parliment likes these philosophies! Habeas Corpus Act 1679 produce the body....judge will hear the charges protects against unfair arrest and imprisonment

28. Changes in Gov’t

29. Toleration Act - Religious Freedoms (protect everyone but Roman Catholics and Jews) • Act of Settlement 1701 - Keeps Catholics from the throne - if William III dies with no heirs then throne goes to Mary’s Protestant sister Anne...and so on - always to Protestants

30. 1700 England is a Constitutional Monarchy Parliament House of Commons House of Lords Prime Minister Cabinet

31. Act of Union - united Scotland and England • Scotland didn’t like it • encouraged trade