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English Revolution and Civil War

James I of England . Scottish Catholic who believed in the ?Divine Right" to rule as he pleased.James I told Parliament:?The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth; for kings are not only God's lieutenants upon earth and sit upon God's throne, but even by God himself, they are call

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English Revolution and Civil War

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    1. English Revolution and Civil War

    3. James I of England Scottish Catholic who believed in the “Divine Right” to rule as he pleased. James I told Parliament: “The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth; for kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon earth and sit upon God’s throne, but even by God himself, they are called gods.”

    5. Causes of the English Civil War Charles I became King in 1625 He spent lots of money Believed in divine right Forced landowners to loan him money Established martial law in much of England

    7. Charles I vs. Parliament Charles I Ruled without summoning parliament for 11 years. Parliament created a Petition of Rights. 1. No billeting – forcing people to house troops 2. No martial law 3. No arbitrary tax 4. No arbitrary jailing

    9. Picking Sides The country split between supporters of the King called Royalists… and supporters of Parliament called Puritans or Roundheads.

    11. Lifestyles of Puritans and Royalists Puritans No dancing No gambling Censorship No pubs No races or rooster fights No actors or minstrels Royalists Wild parties Loose morals Drinking Swearing Spending lots of money Ceremonies and elaborate decorations

    13. Puritans Called “roundheads” because they didn’t wear wigs and had close cut hair. Orange was a protestant color, so it became a puritan color. Royalists Members of the army were called “cavaliers” – belonged to the cavalry Green was a catholic color, so it became a royalist color

    15. Oliver Cromwell Dictator or Savior? Came from a poor, Puritan family Educated at Cambridge Member of the House of Commons

    17. Policies of Cromwell: “The Lord Protector” The civil war begins with Charles I ignoring and then trying to arrest his Parliament. Cromwell begins as a mild member of parliament and loyal servant of the King. Charles was captured and tried for treason in 1649. He refused to recognize the court, but was found guilty anyway. By the end of the war: King Charles I is dead (regicide) Parliament has been taken by force by Cromwell in 1653.

    19. The Restoration: The Return of the King Charles II, son of Charles I, is invited to rule England. (The Merry Monarch) The Earl of Rochester wrote about Charles II, “Here lies our sovereign Lord the King, Whose promises none relies on; He never said a foolish thing, Nor ever did a wise one.” Charles II replied, “This is very true, for my words are my own, and my actions are those of my ministers.”

    21. Problems that Charles II Faced Charles learned form his father’s mistakes and worked with Parliament, so most people liked him. But… Charles had many girlfriends, but no legitimate heir. So…

    23. The Glorious Revolution No violence William and Mary had a blood right to the Throne. Parliament invited William and Mary to rule. Finally, freedom and civil rights.

    25. English Bill of Rights Parliament must meet every year Only parliament can levy taxes Fair/speedy trial for all, by jury Right to petition

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