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Reading #2: Challenging Jim Crow Civil Unrest

Reading #2: Challenging Jim Crow Civil Unrest. Objective… Summarize the incidents of civil disobedience that challenged segregation and the federal governments reaction to the fight against desegregation. MLK’s background…. PHD- Boston U.- Theology 1957 - Founder of SCLC

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Reading #2: Challenging Jim Crow Civil Unrest

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  1. Reading #2: Challenging Jim Crow Civil Unrest Objective…Summarize the incidents of civil disobedience that challenged segregation and the federal governments reaction to the fight against desegregation.

  2. MLK’s background… • PHD- Boston U.- Theology • 1957 - Founder of SCLC • Philosophy: Nonviolent - Civil disobedience • Nobel Prize in 1968 • Assassinated April, 1968

  3. Civil disobedience… • Historically used to rebel against unfair laws. • Protests are confrontational, but non-violent The influence of Gandhi on King… The influence of Walter Rauschenbusch on King…

  4. SCLCSouthern Christian Leadership Conference • Organized black churches to conduct nonviolent protests in order to obtain civil rights reform. Dr. MLK leading local CRs workers in a prayer

  5. Fingerprinting Rosa Parks Montgomery, Ala. 1955 Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat Rosa Parks going to jail

  6. Arrest record… Edgar Daniel "E.D." Nixon-Leader of the MIA-Encourages Rosa Parks to fight the arrest

  7. The Montgomery Bus Boycott Dr. MLK - Spokesperson Montgomery Bus Boycott “We are here this evening for serious business …. we are determined to apply our citizenship to the fullest of its means.” - MLK The principles of the boycott… - Non-violence - Christian love - Unity

  8. MLK & Abernathy being booked by Montgomery, ALA police. The civil rights leaders had been indicted for their roles in the MBB. King & Abernathy's homes were firebombed during the boycott.

  9. The Montgomery Bus Boycott • Lasts 381 days • Effects 42,000 African Americans • Montgomery Improvement Assoc. (MIA) coordinates 20K rides per day for ride • MLK & E.D. Nixon arrested and found guilty of “hindering business” Empty buses…Bus revenue drops by 67%

  10. Significance of the MBB… • MLK becomes a national figure • Gave the CR movement momentum • The SCLC is founded & galvanizes the non-violence tactic The Rosa Parks bus at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Mich. The Supreme Court ruled busing segregation illegal Dec, 1956

  11. The Little Rock Crisis (1957) “I had thought - we'd all thought - that once we got the Brown case, the thing was going to be over. You see, we were always looking for the one case to end all of it.” - Thurgood Marshall, 1977

  12. Crisis in Little Rock (1957) • Federal judge orders desegregation in LR schools • LR school board complies • Gov. Faubus defied the order • DDE puts AK National Guard under federal control • Sends in the 101st Airborne Division to enforce the law The Little Rock Nine

  13. DDE meets with Arkansas Gov. Faubus, Sept., 1957

  14. “The Little Rock Nine” entering Little Rock Central High School

  15. SNCC (pronounced Snick)Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee... • 1960 – Black college students • Youth branch SCLC - Gives Black youth a voice in CRs • More militant • SNCC activist strategies… - Direct confrontation - Mass action - Civil disobedience

  16. What do you know about SNCC based on this poster?

  17. 1960-1961: Sit-InsGreensboro, Nashville, Atlanta • CORE & SNCC • Sit- in segregated diners in the South… Activism • Refuse to leave until served…hurts business profit…. Powerful method of protest. The Greensboro Four

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