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Understanding Electrostatics: Charges, Polarization, and Coulomb's Law

Learn about electrical charges—positive and negative, how objects get charged, like charges repel while opposite attract, insulators vs. conductors, and Coulomb’s Law relating charges to force. Explore charging methods and SI units for charge measurement.

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Understanding Electrostatics: Charges, Polarization, and Coulomb's Law

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  1. Electrostatics Ch. 20

  2. Electrical Charge • Positive – protons Negative – electrons • Only electrons jump from one object to another. • Positive Charge – loss of electrons • Negative Charge – gain of electrons • Like charges repel • Opposite charges attract

  3. Polarization Separation of Charges

  4. Charging By Conduction • Charging a neutral body by touching it with a charged body

  5. Charging By Induction • Charging of an object without touching it

  6. Insulators – materials through which charges will not easily move • Conductors – materials through which charges will easily move

  7. Coulomb’s Law • The force between 2 charges is proportional to the size of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distances. • F= k(qAqB/d2) • k = constant = 9.0 x 109 N.m2/c2

  8. SI unit of charge is the Coulomb (c) • 1 coulomb is the charge of 6.25 x 1018 electrons or protons • 1 electron = -1.6 x 10-19 C • A lightning bolt is about 10 coulombs

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